蔬菜专业村形成及竞争优势发挥的逻辑框架*——基于产业集聚视角的实证

THE LOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE FORMATION OF VEGETABLE SPECIALTY VILLAGES AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES*——BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION

关键词:  蔬菜专业村产业集聚竞争力结构方程模型

Key words:  vegetable  specialty village  industrial agglomeration  competitiveness  structural equation model

摘要:

［目的］探索并发挥专业村产业集聚竞争优势，对于实现乡村振兴具有重要意义。［方法］文章结合比较优势理论、分工专业化理论、农业区位论、新经济地理学理论与产业集聚理论，提出以要素禀赋为基础，通过产业集聚形成外部规模经济，并作用于专业村竞争力的逻辑框架，运用结构方程模型，基于2017年北京、辽宁、河北省（市）环渤海设施蔬菜优势产区专业村农户调研数据进行实证检验。［结果］研究表明，自然资源是专业村形成的基础，人力资本是专业村形成的内生动力，政府支持是专业村形成的外部保障，专业村产业集聚通过外部规模经济显著增强自身的“软实力”和“硬实力”。具体而言，自然资源、技术储备、市场需求； 标准化生产、市场需求，分别对专业村“软实力”和“硬实力”有着直接而显著的促进作用； 人力资本与政府支持对专业村竞争力的影响需通过外部规模经济的放大方能实现。［结论］应充分利用主产地资源禀赋优势、培育新型经营主体、引入现代化生产要素、充分发挥市场与政府功能。

Abstract:

Exploring and giving play to the competitive advantages of industrial agglomeration in professional villages are of great significance for the strategy of rural vitalization. Based on the theory of comparative advantage, labor division specialization, agricultural location, new economic geography and industrial agglomeration, this study proposed an analysis framework on the basis of factor endowment, forming Marshall externalities through agglomeration and acting on the competitiveness of specialty villages. By applying a structural equation model and the survey data from rural households in the specialty villages of vegetable production areas in the Bohai Rim Region in Beijing, Liaoning, and Hebei provinces (cities) in 2017, this study empirically tested the effect of industrial agglomeration on the competitiveness of specialty villages. The results showed that natural resources were the foundation of industrial agglomeration (in specialty villages), human capital was the endogenous driving force of industrial agglomeration, government support was the external guarantee formed by industrial agglomeration, and the formation of agglomeration enhanced the "soft power" and "hard power" of professional villages through "spillovers". Specifically, natural resources, technical reserves, and market demand; standardized production and market demand had a direct and significant role in promoting the formation of "soft power" and "hard power" of specialty villages separately. The influence of human capital and government support on the competitiveness of specialty villages can be achieved through the amplification of Marshall′s externalities. According to the above results, this study puts forward proposals including making full use of the advantages of the main production areas′ resource endowments, cultivating new types of business entities, introducing modern production factors, and giving full play to the functions of market and government.