山区不同类型农户土地利用效率及其影响因素分析*——基于武陵山区18个典型村的实证研究

ANALYSIS ON LAND USE EFFICIENCY AND ITS DRIVING FACTORS OF DIFFERENT FARMING HOUSEHOLDS TYPES IN MOUTAIN AREAS*——A CASE STUDY OF 18 SAMPLE VILLAGES IN WULING MOUNTAINOUS AREA

关键词:  劳动力转移土地利用效率农户类型影响因素武陵山区

Key words:  labor transfer  land use efficiency  farming households′ types  influencing factors  Wuling Mountain area

摘要:

［目的］通过测算并讨论研究区不同类型农户的土地利用效率情况，旨在探究劳动力转移背景下山区土地资源合理开发利用的方向，提升山区土地利用效率，保障农业生产。［方法］文章以武陵山区典型村488户农户调查数据为基础，依据家庭收入结构将农户划分为4种类型，选取土地、资金、人力3方面情况作为投入指标，以粮食产量、农作物销售收入作为产出指标，利用DEA模型测算出不同类型农户土地利用效率值，再借助Tobit回归模型分析不同类型农户土地利用效率的影响因素。［结果］（1）研究区兼业程度较高，以二兼业型农户居多。（2）研究区农户的土地利用效率处于中等偏下水平，且随着农户兼业程度增加农户的土地利用效率有一定程度降低，大致成“U”型变化趋势。（3）农户土地利用效率主要受土地经营情况和家庭收入结构影响。［结论］总体而言，研究区土地利用效率水平整体偏低，各类型农户存在差异，多种因素共同影响土地利用效率。

Abstract:

In order to explore the direction of rational development and utilization of land resources in mountainous areas, improve the land use efficiency and ensure food security under the background of labor transfer，this paper analyzes the land use efficiency in mountainous areas and its influencing factors. Based on the survey data of 488 farming households in the sample villages in Wuling Mountain area, the paper first divided farmer households into four types according to family income structure, then chose land input, capital input and human input as input indicators and grain output, crop sales revenue as output indicators, then calculated the land use efficiency values of different types of farming households through grouping comparison by DEA model, and analyzed the driving factors of land use efficiency of different types of farming households by the Tobit regression model. The results were showed as follows. (1) In general, the study area had a high degree of part time work, and most of the farmers were Ⅱ part time farmers. (2) The land use efficiency values of farmers in the study area were on the lower intermediate level and it decreased to a certain extent with the increase of the concurrent employment degree of the farmers, which roughly showed as a u shape. (3) Land use efficiency was mainly affected by land management situation and family income structure. In general, the land use efficiency level in the study area is generally low, and there are differences among various types of farmers, and various factors affect the land use efficiency.