日本稻米价格竞争力分析与中日比较的启示

ENLIGHTENMENT FROM THE ANALYSIS OF PRICE COMPETITIVENESS OF JAPANESE RICE AND THE COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN

关键词:  稻米价格竞争力中日比较借鉴

Key words:  rice  price competitiveness  comparison between China and Japan  reference

摘要:

［目的］文章以稻米价格竞争力为视角，从稻米单位面积产量长期增长停滞与总体成本水平持续上涨方面分析了日本稻米生产成本的特征与变化，从稻米生产成本指标与生产成本以外指标方面比较分析了中日稻米价格竞争力的优劣与变化。［方法］采用文献分析法、趋势分析法与比较分析法进行分析。［结果］日本稻米的高生产成本与单位面积产量长期停滞是比较显著的问题，造成日本稻米价格竞争力优势逐渐降低； 但是不同规模稻米生产成本的差距却越来越大，随着时间推移，日本稻米种植规模越大生产成本越低。与日本比较，中国稻米生产成本虽然较低，但上涨速度显著高于日本。在稻米价格竞争力方面，中国与日本之间的差距在缩小，中国的优势逐渐降低。［结论］基于日本经验，结合国内情况，从扩大稻米生产经营规模、加快稻米生产机械化进程、引导优质稻米品种发展等方面借鉴日本经验，旨在为加强中国稻米价格竞争力提供参考。

Abstract:

In the perspective of rice price competitiveness, this research analyzes the characteristics and changes of rice production costs in Japan from rice yield per unit area of long term growth and continuous increase of overall cost level, and compares and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages and changes of rice price competitiveness between China and Japan from rice production cost index and other production cost indicators. This research applied the methods literature analysis, trend analysis and comparative analysis. The results were indicated as follows. The high production cost of Japanese rice and the long term stagnation of the output per unit area were significant problems, which caused the price competitiveness of Japanese rice gradually reduced. The overall production cost of Japanese rice was on the rise, and the internal production cost of all items was on the rise. However, the gap between the planting scale and the production cost of rice was getting larger and larger. Over time, the larger the planting scale of rice in Japan, the lower the production cost. Compared with Japan, the cost of rice production in China was lower, but the increase rate was significantly higher than that in Japan. In terms of price competitiveness of rice, the gap between China and Japan was narrowing, and China′s advantage was gradually decreasing. So, based on the similarities and differences of rice production and management between China and Japan, the paper draws lessons from Japan′s experience in expanding the scale of rice production and management, accelerating the mechanization process of rice production, and guiding the development of high quality rice varieties, so as to provide references for strengthening the price competitiveness of China′s rice.