天津市农业绿色发展的驱动因素研究

RESEARCH ON THE DRIVING FACTORS OF AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT IN TIANJIN

关键词:  农业绿色发展天津市评价指标驱动因素实证研究

Key words:  agricultural green development  Tianjin  evaluation index  driving factors  empirical research

摘要:

［目的］转变生产经营方式，推进农业绿色发展，是建设现代都市型农业的重要途径，是实现乡村振兴的必然选择。为客观评价天津市农业绿色发展水平，解析农业绿色发展的动力因素，探寻进一步推进农业绿色发展的对策。［方法］文章利用统计年鉴数据，定量分析天津市农业绿色发展现状。从资源节约、环境友好、产出高效和乡村发展4个方面，构建三级评价指标体系，运用熵值法确定指标权重，测算天津市农业绿色发展指数，探讨农业绿色发展水平。利用最小二乘法，建立多元回归模型，分析推动农业绿色发展的动力因子。探讨劳动力素质、科技发展、农业基础设施投资和城镇化水平对农业绿色发展的影响和贡献程度，以期寻找推进农业绿色发展的对策。［结果］2000年以来天津市农业绿色发展总体向好，农业绿色发展指数不断提高； 在农业产出高效和农产品质量安全水平方面取得了显著成效，但在资源节约和环境友好方面仍然存在短板，农业绿色生产经营仍需加强，急需寻找推动绿色发展的路径。提高农业劳动力素质，稳定财政支农支出，增加对农业科技的投入力度，是推动农业绿色发展的有效途径。［结论］建议从法律上建立有效的约束机制，设置从事绿色生态农业的门槛，规范农户绿色生产经营行为； 针对从事生态、有机、绿色农业的新型职业农民，创立精准的农业补贴政策； 增强财政对绿色生产技术和产品的研发投入； 发挥新型职业农民的作用，加强绿色生产技术传播和培训。

Abstract:

To change the mode of production and management and promote the green development of agriculture is an important way to build modern urban agriculture and an inevitable choice to realize the revitalization of rural areas. In order to objectively evaluate the level of agricultural green development in Tianjin, this research analyzes the dynamic factors of agricultural green development, and explores countermeasures to further promote green development of agriculture. Based on the data of statistical yearbook, the research quantitatively analyzed the current situation of the green development of agriculture in Tianjin. For measuring the agricultural green development index of Tianjin, it constructed a three level evaluation index system from four aspects: resource conservation, environmental friendliness, output efficiency and rural development. And it used the entropy method to determine the index weight, then it calculated the agricultural green development index of Tianjin and discussed the level of agricultural green development. In addition, it used the least squares method, and established a multivariate regression model to analyze the dynamic factors that promoted the green development of agriculture. At last, it discussed the impact and contribution of labor force quality, scientific and technological development, and agricultural infrastructure investment and urbanization level on agricultural green development, so as to find countermeasures to promote agricultural green development. The results showed that the level of Tianjin′s agricultural green development had generally improved since 2000, the green development index for agriculture continued to rise. Remarkable achievements had been made in the high efficiency of agricultural output and the quality and safety level of agricultural products, but there were shortcomings in resource conservation and environmental friendliness. In summary, it is urgent to find ways to promote green development, such as improving the quality of agricultural labor, stabilizing fiscal expenditure on agriculture and increasing investment in agricultural science and technology. It is suggested that it should establish an effective constraint mechanism in law, set a threshold for engaging in green agriculture, and regulate farmers′ green production and operation behavior. Meanwhile, it should establish precise agricultural subsidy policies for new professional farmers, who are engaged in ecological, organic and green agriculture; and increase fiscal spending on research and development of green production technologies and products. Through giving full play to the role of new professional farmers, strengthen the dissemination and training of green production technologies.