病死畜禽无害化处理PPP项目回报机制研究

STUDY ON RETURN MODEL OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN DEAD LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY HARMLESS DISPOSAL

关键词:  农业PPP病死畜禽无害化处理利用可行性缺口补助生命周期理论回报机制

Key words:  public private partnership  dead livestock and poultry harmless disposal  viability gap funding  the theory of life cycle cost  return mechanism

摘要:

［目的］可行性缺口补助是目前我国病死畜禽无害化处理利用PPP项目的主要回报机制，识别可行性缺口补助的主要影响因素，对于优化项目成本结构、提高财政支持效率、促进项目顺利实施具有重要的意义。［方法］文章运用生命周期成本分析法，通过对我国东南部地区的A县进行典型案例分析，使用财务净现值为社会资本投资决策的成本收益指标，构建该县病死畜禽无害化处理PPP项目的全生命周期成本模型，选取产品数量及价格、工资成本、基准收益率和合作期限等指标，分别分析其变动对项目可行性缺口补贴的影响。［结果］受畜牧产业结构调整和非洲猪瘟等重大动物疫病暴发因素影响，A县项目实际处理病死畜禽数量的变化对可行性缺口补助影响最大，有机肥价格、基准收益率、工资成本次之，合作期限的变动影响较小。［结论］适应区域产业发展布局调整趋势，因地制宜确定建设规模，设置可行性缺口补助，是保证PPP项目顺利建设和运营、切实发挥效用的关键。

Abstract:

During recent years, the new type of Public Private Partnership (PPP) is attracting social attention and gradually applies to dead livestock and poultry harmless disposal. At the same time, the return on investment is the main purpose of social capital to participate in the PPP project. From the practice of dead livestock and poultry harmless disposal PPP project, Viability Gap Funding (VGF) is the dominant investment return mechanism. This paper introduced the theory of life cycle cost into the VGF model, and calculated the sensitivity efficiency of the financial data to the PPP project during the operation period, in order to identify the main target of the risk analysis of the dead livestock and poultry harmless disposal PPP project. Based on an economic evaluation framework of the dead livestock and poultry harmless disposal by PPP model in the county A which was located in southeastern China was constructed, the influencing factors of VGF from government under different situations were analyzed, in order to provide reference for decision making in optimizing the cost structure, improving the efficiency of financial support and promoting the implementation of project. The influence factors including the actual number of dead animal carcasses collected, salary cost per ton of organic fertilizer, benchmark interest rate which was negotiated and confirmed by the government and social capital, the implementing period in life cycle cost theory on VGF of dead livestock and poultry harmless disposal PPP projects were studied. The number of dead animal carcasses collected was the greatest influence factor on VGF, and followed by the change of benchmark interest rate, the price of organic fertilizer and labor cost. There was little effect of the implementing period on VGF. The main reason might be the change of regional distribution of animal husbandry, such as pig farms banned in the southern water network areas, and outbreak of African Swine Fever etc. To meet the needs of the industrial development in China, determining the reasonable return parameters of PPP project is the key to ensure the construction and operation of the project, and give full play to its effectiveness. The application of PPP project in dead livestock and poultry harmless disposal should be based on scientific judgment of effectiveness according to life cycle cost, the design of PPP project should adapt to the adjustment trend of regional industrial development layout, optimize VGF mechanism based on the suitability to local conditions, and strengthen the risk analysis of economic evaluation of implementing PPP project.