小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的桥梁*——基于有机农业合作社的分析

ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION MECHANISM UNDER THE PARTICIPATION OF FARMERS′ PROFESSIONAL COOPERATIVES* ——A CASE STUDY IN WANZAI COUNTY, JIANGXI PROVINCE

关键词:  小农户现代农业衔接机制有机农业农民专业合作社

Key words:  small scale farmers  modern agriculture  agricultural extension  organic agriculture  farmers′ professional cooperatives

摘要:

［目的］如何实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接，是当前的重要课题。农民专业合作社被视为当前最普遍的组织载体。［方法］文章以万载县有机农业产业为例，基于实地调研和文献材料，分析农民专业合作社在农业推广实践中的作用机制，探究小农户与现代农业的利益衔接形式。［结果］随着有机农业产业发展阶段的变化，不同类型农民专业合作社依次发挥阶段性作用。在该案例中，农民专业合作社在有机农业推广中的作用机制为：促进农业企业与小农户建立稳定的利益联结机制，为小农户进行有机生产提供必要的公共服务，推动小农户有机生产技术标准化以及以市场为导向推动作物种植结构调整。［结论］农民专业合作社能有效影响小农户的生产行为，是小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的桥梁。在现代农业发展的政策实践中，要坚持以农民为主体的基本原则，建立以服务小农户为主的利益联结机制，以此促进小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接。此外，还应以小农户生计改善为目标构建全方位的支持服务体系以及多种常态化机制。

Abstract:

Organic agriculture develops rapidly on a global scale. It has important guiding significance for promoting the development of organic agriculture to analyze the mechanism and experience of farmers′ professional cooperatives in the practice of organic agriculture promotion, and explore how to establish a connection mechanism between farmers and modern agriculture. Taking the organic agriculture extension in Wanzai county as an example, based on field research and literature materials, the organic agriculture extension mechanism under the participation of farmers′ professional cooperatives in the construction of Wanzai county organic agriculture system was analyzed. From the perspective of the operation mechanism and promotion role, with the changes in the development stage of the organic agriculture industry in Wanzai county, different types of farmers′ professional cooperatives played different roles. Farmers′ professional cooperatives had three main mechanisms for the extension of organic agriculture in Wanzai county: promoting traditional extension systems to provide necessary public services for organic production, promoting stable linkages between agricultural enterprises and farmers, and adjusting the planting structure of organic crops according to the market orientation. In summary, cooperative agricultural extension complements the traditional top down organic agricultural extension system by promoting the government to provide "public services", standardization of organic agricultural technology, and stabilizing the relationship between agricultural enterprises and farmers. Based on the in depth observation of the survey and the discussion and analysis in the later period, relevant suggestions for the development of organic agriculture in Wanzai county are put forward.