基于乡村振兴视角下西部绿洲流转农户生计脆弱性影响因素研究

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF LIVELIHOOD VULNERABILITY OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN THE WESTERN OASIS FROM PERSPECTIVE OF RURAL REVITALIZATION

关键词:  西部绿洲区生计脆弱性土地流转Logistic模型沙湾县

Key words:  Western Oasis District  lvelihood vulnerability  land transfer  Logistic model  Shawan county

摘要:

［目的］乡村振兴战略中，保障民生是重中之重，而生计脆弱性可综合全面地反映生计特征，因此对西部绿洲流转农户生计脆弱性的影响因素探究，是保障民生、促进农户生计可持续发展的关键举措。［方法］文章以西部绿洲区沙湾县为研究区域，构建“暴露—敏感—适应性”框架，通过熵值法和多元线性回归模型探究转入与转出户生计脆弱性的微观动因。［结果］（1）转入户的生计脆弱性低于转出户； （2）转入户生计脆弱性与家中劳动力数量、家庭收入对耕地资源的依赖程度、耕地机械化程度、流转交易费用、家庭成员有公职人员数量、经营管理能力的程度、获得种植技术援助机会显著相关； （3）中大型生产性工具种类数、家庭中非农就业的人数与转出户生计脆弱性在1%的置信水平上显著相关。［结论］通过加强非农就业技术培训，促进生计选择多元化； 加大惠农政策支持和宣传，推进农村的社会保障体系建设； 组织农技交流会，提升经营管理技术水平； 完善流转交易管理体制，提供相关法律援助的对策，切实保障西部绿洲区流转农户的生计安全，推动区域社会经济的稳定发展。

Abstract:

In the rural revitalization strategy, protecting people′s livelihood is the top priority, and the livelihood vulnerability can comprehensively reflect the livelihoods characteristics. Therefore, exploring the influencing factors of the livelihood fragility of rural households in the western oasis is the key measure to protect people′s livelihoods and promote sustainable development. Taking Shawan county in the western oasis area as the research area, the framework of "exposure sensitivity adaptation" was constructed, to explore the micro motives of the livelihood vulnerability of transfer in and transfer out households through the entropy method and multiple linear regression models. The results were showed as follows. (1) The livelihood vulnerability of the transferred in households was lower than that of the transferred out households; (2) The livelihood vulnerability of the transferred in households was significantly correlated with the number of household labor force , the dependence of household income on cultivated land resources, the farmland mechanization degree, the transfer transactions cost, the number of family members with public servants, the degree of operation and management ability, and the access to planting technical assistance opportunities; (3) The number of medium and large scale productive tools, the number of non agricultural employment in the household, and the vulnerability of the live out households were significantly correlated at a confidence level of 1%. The study finds that strengthening non agricultural employment technology training could promote diversification of livelihood options; increasing support and promotion of agricultural benefits policies could promote the construction of rural social security systems; organizing agricultural technology exchange meetings could improve the level of business management technology; and relevant legal aid countermeasures will effectively ensure the livelihood security of the transferred farmers in the western oasis area and promote the stable development of the regional society and economy.