农村改厕新技术新产品推广应用问题与对策研究

RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEMS AND STRATEGY OF HOUSEHOLD LATRINE NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTS′ PROMOTION AND APPLICATION IN RURAL AREAS

关键词:  农村改厕新技术新产品主要问题市场化机制

Key words:  household latrine improvement in rural areas  new technologies  new products  problems  market oriented mechanism

摘要:

［目的］厕所既是一个国家和地区发展水准和文明程度的体现，也与人民群众的健康息息相关。随着我国农村人居环境整治力度的不断加强，农村改厕新技术新产品不断涌现，加强其市场化研究可为建立农村改厕新技术新产品市场化机制、打赢“厕所革命”攻坚战提供决策参考。［方法］文章基于农村改厕新技术新产品区域适用性分析与各地农村改厕工作推进情况，结合实地调研形成的判断。［结果］我国农村改厕存在政府支持政策体系不完善、新技术新产品研发推广市场导向不足、行业缺乏规范和农户参与意识薄弱等主要问题。［结论］破除农村改厕新技术新产品市场化困境，需要科学合理加大资金支持、搭建新技术新产品市场化平台、构建政产学研协作推进机制、加强农村改厕的规范化管理、鼓励多种形式的社会化服务、加大宣传培训促进市场推广，多措并举建立市场化机制。

Abstract:

Toilet is the embodiment of the developing and civilization level of a country, and also closely related to the health of the people. With the continuous strengthening of improvement of rural residential living environment, new technologies and products for household latrine improvement in rural areas are emerging. This research is helpful to establish the market oriented mechanism of new technologies and products for household latrine improvement in rural areas, and win the war of "toilet revolution". Based on the study of regional applicability analysis of new technologies and products and the progress in some regions about household latrine improvement in rural areas, this research combined with the judgment formed by field research. It was found that there were some problems in the household latrine improvement in rural areas, such as the imperfect government support policy system, the lack of market oriented mechanism in the research, development and promotion of new technologies and products, the lack of norms in the household latrine improvement industry and the weak awareness of farmers′ participation. In order to break the dilemma of marketization of new technologies and products for household latrine improvement in rural areas, we need to increase financial support scientifically and reasonably, set up a platform for the marketization of new technologies and products, build a collaborative promotion mechanism of Government Industry University Research Institution, strengthen the standardized management of household latrine improvement in rural areas, encourage various forms of socialized services, and increase publicity and training to promote market popularization. All these measures must be taken as a whole to establish a marketization mechanism of new technologies and products for household latrine improvement in rural areas.