农民对宅基地权利认知及影响因素研究*——以河北省新乐市为例

STUDY ON FARMERS′ PERCEPTIONS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF FARMERS′ HOMESTEAD RIGHTS BASED ON THE CHANGE OF SYSTEM FUNCTION

关键词:  土地制度农村宅基地权利认知制度功能可信度理论

Key words:  land institution  rural homestead  right cognition  institutional function  credibility theory

摘要:

［目的］通过对河北省新乐市农民在宅基地权力认知及影响因素方面的分析，探究我国农村宅基地制度并提出相关建议。［方法］文章受制度功能可信度理论启发，以河北省新乐市14个行政村为调研对象，探究农民对宅基地相关权利认知情况，同时采用Spearman相关性分析研究影响农民宅基地认知的因素。［结果］调研地自发宅基地流转市场已形成，宅基地制度功能处于社会保障功能向财产功能转变的过渡阶段； 农民对宅基地所有权认知不明晰，但并不影响宅基地市场建立； 在宅基地流转中，农民更关注相互之间信任、村委会保留的记录、流转中形成的“事实产权”； 农民性别、年龄、受教育水平和家庭人口数是影响权利认知的主要因素。［结论］依据制度功能可信度理论充分考虑宅基地制度在现阶段的功能变化，因地制宜； 政府应关注农民的宅基地使用权问题，使其真正成为农民的财产； 应对农村宅基地流转中形成的事实产权逐渐正式化； 应制定年轻人就业帮扶和年长者社会保障等相关政策，避免宅基地流转影响农村社会稳定性。

Abstract:

By analyzing the peasants′ perception of power and influencing factors of homestead in Xinle city of Hebei province, this paper explores the institution of rural homestead and puts forward relevant suggestions. In this study, 14 administrative villages in Xinle city, Hebei province were selected as the research objects. This study was inspired by the theory of institutional function credibility, the paper studied the farmers′ cognition situation of homestead related rights. At the same time, Spearman correlation analysis was adopted to study factors influencing farmers′ homestead cognition. The results showed that the market of spontaneous homestead circulation in the research area had been formed, and the function of homestead system was in the transitional stage from social security function to property function. Farmers′ cognition of homestead ownership was not clear but it did not affect the establishment of homestead market. During the homestead circulation, farmers paid more attention to the mutual trust, the records kept by village committees, and the "real property rights" formed during the circulation. The farmers′ gender, age, education level and family population were the main factors affecting the cognition of rights. According to the theory of system function credibility, it is suggested to fully consider the function change of homestead system at the present stage. Measures should be taken in accordance with local conditions. The government should focus on the issue of farmers′ right to use housing land and make them truly become the property of farmers. It is suggested to formalize the actual property right in the circulation of rural homestead. It is proposed to formulate relevant policies on youth employment assistance and social security for senior citizens, so as to avoid the effect of homestead transfer on rural social stability.