重庆四面山农户行为对农业面源污染的影响

EFFECTS OF FARMERS' BEHAVIOR ON AGRICULTURAL NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION IN SIMIAN MOUNTAINS, CHONGQING

关键词:  四面山  农户行为  农业面源污染  化肥  调查问卷  影响因素

Key words:  Simian Mountains  farmers' behavior  agricultural non-point source pollution  chemical fertilizer  questionnaire  influencing factors

摘要:

目的 基于微观层面研究农户行为对农业面源污染的影响是近期国内外研究的热点问题。优化农户行为，可为促进农业面源污染治理和实现新农村建设目标提供模式。方法 课题组于2018年7月在重庆四面山区域采取实地调研的方法走访了90个农户家庭，收到有关化肥污染量的有效调查问卷51份，问卷记录了该地区农户的农业生产行为和化肥施用量（换算为污染量）。基于问卷数据建立农业面源污染与农户生产行为的多元线性回归模型。结果 农户的基本信息、资源利用、种植选择、生产投入、技术采纳、环保意识和兼业均对农业面源污染具有重要影响，其中政治面貌、职务、受教育水平、土地利用方式、耕作方式、土地灌溉方式和处置作物秸秆方式对农业面源污染影响较大，尤其是受教育水平对农业面源污染影响最大，农户受教育水平越高则农业面源污染越小。结论 农业面源污染与农户行为具有密切关系，建议积极推进“三农”建设，发展四面山特色绿色农业，在提高农户环保意识的同时利用先进科技促进该地区农业面源污染防治工作，从而实现农业可持续发展。

Abstract:

The influence of farmers′ behavior on agricultural non-point source pollution has been a hot issue home and abroad recently. The present study will help optimize the farmer's behavior, promote agricultural non-point source pollution control and provide a model for the implementation of new rural construction goals. A field survey was conducted to interview 90 households in the Simian Mountains, Chongqing in July 2018. The agricultural production behavior of farmers in the area was recorded in the form of a questionnaire to establish the multiple linear regression model. The results were showed as follows. Farmers' basic information, resource utilization, planting choices, production input, technology adoption, environmental awareness and concurrent employment all had important impacts on agricultural non-point source pollution. Among them, political appearance, position, level of education, land use, farming methods, irrigation methods and disposal of crop straw had greater impacts on agricultural non-point source pollution compared to other indicators. In particular, the level of education had the greatest impact. The higher the education level of farmers, the smaller the agricultural non-point source pollution. Therefore, it is recommended to actively boost the construction of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”, develop characteristic green agriculture in Simian Mountains, and promote the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution with advanced technology in the region while improving the environmental awareness of farmers, so as to achieve sustainable development of agriculture.