区域差异视角下农村宅基地规模与构成特征以黑龙江省四大区域为例

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RURAL HOMESTEAD SIZE AND COMPOSITION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES* ——A CASE STUDY OF FOUR REGIONS IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE

关键词:  农村宅基地规模  用地构成  区域差异  曼-惠特尼秩和检验  地理国情数据  黑龙江

Key words:  rural homestead scale  land composition  regional difference  Mann-Whitney U test  national geographic conditions  Heilongjiang

摘要:

目的 分析黑龙江省农村宅基地规模、面积构成的基本特征，研究其区域差异，旨在为国土空间规划和乡村规划编制，以及农村宅基地使用制度改革提供借鉴。方法 文章从依据黑龙江省地貌特征划分的北部山区、南部山区、三江平原和松嫩平原四大区域中抽样选取201个行政村的宅基地数据；结合统计学方法和空间分析方法，分析了宅基地规模和构成特征，其中包括了宅基地面积构成中的房屋基底面积和非房屋土地面积，以及非房屋土地中耕作用土地的比例特征；并进一步利用曼-惠特尼秩和检验方法比较了宅基地规模和构成的区域差异。结果 （1）黑龙江省农村宅基地面积普遍比规定面积大，介于700~1 400 m²的比例较高，区域差异明显。（2）房屋基底面积多介于40~150 m²，非房屋占地比例较高，存在宅基地无房屋和房屋空置现象。（3）耕作用土地是宅基地内部主要利用方式。结论 应结合宅基地标准完成确权登记，并对成果进行调整和完善，以实现深化宅基地制度改革目标。关注和合理处置超标、一户多宅等现象；制定区域差异化政策促进宅基地合理利用。进一步探索“三调”中村庄内部用作耕作土地的管理措施。

Abstract:

This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of the size and area composition for rural homestead in Heilongjiang province. The regional differences are studied in order to provide reference of formation for national territory spatial planning and rural planning, and the reformation for the regulation system of rural homestead use. There were totally 201 typical villages’ homestead data in 20 counties selected in this study from the four main regions, classified by topographic feature, in Heilongjiang, namely the Northern mountains, the Southern mountains, the Sanjiang plain and the Songnen plain. This paper analyzed the characteristics of homestead size and composition by the statistical method and spatial analysis method, including the scale size of homestead, the area and proportion of house base and non-house land, which made up the homestead and the proportion of land used for cultivation in non-house land. Furthermore, the regional differences of homestead size and composition were compared by employing the Mann-Whitney rank sum test method. The results were showed as followed. (1) The scale size of homestead was generally larger than that of the legitimate standard in Heilongjiang. A large portion lied between 700~1 400 m², with significant regional differences. (2) The base area of rural houses was mostly between 40~150 m². There was a high proportion of non-housing area, leading to unused homestead. (3) Land used for cultivation had become the main land use of homestead. The conclusion of the paper points out that the registration of homestead should be completed according to the homestead standard, and the investigation results should be confirmed and improved to achieve the reformation of the homestead system. Differentiated policies should be applied considering the circumstances of oversized rural homestead, and one family owning more than one homestead, to promote the utilization of homestead. Further research is expected to investigate the land management measures of the cultivated land in the village found through the Third Land Survey.