贵州省百香果种植适宜性评价

PLANTING-SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PASSIONFRUIT IN GUIZHOU PROVINCE

关键词:  百香果  种植适宜性  贵州  区划  贫困县

Key words:  passionfruit  planting-suitability  Guizhou  regionalization  poverty-stricken counties

摘要:

目的 百香果近几年在贵州域内推广种植，因当地整体气候环境条件与其最优生境条件存在较大差异，导致部分地区百香果无法越冬、成熟果实产量和质量较低等问题，因此分析贵州省百香果种植适宜性对其产业化发展具有指导意义。方法 文章将百香果种植适宜性评价体系分为两层：生长适宜层与现状限制层，生长适宜层除了5项常规生长指标（常年均温、最冷月均温等）外，考虑贵州百香果种植低产、质低的问题，引入百香果关键生长期（5—11月、7—8月）的温度作为生长指标之一；现状限制层包括5种不宜种植的土地利用类型和重度石漠化、极度石漠化以及坡度大于25°地区。运用空间叠加、栅格计算以及空间统计等GIS方法得出百香果种植适宜评价结果。结果 （1）评价等级面积：不适宜>次适宜>适宜，面积分别为1 456.096 457万hm²、274.224 849万hm²、31.348 694万hm²，全省无最适宜区分布。（2）次适宜区面积较广，但在黔西和黔中地区分布面积较少；适宜区涉及到25区县，81.71%适宜区集中在南北盘江流域低热河谷区域。（3）以适宜性评价结果为基础，区县为基本单元，根据适宜性程度进行百香果产业发展区划，其中重点5个、一般区11个、分散选育区27个、非推荐种植区45个。（4）可种植百香果贫困区县有22个，占贫困县总数的66.67%。结论 贵州省不适宜大面积种植百香果，33个贫困县中10个贫困县区县可作为百香果产业发展区。

Abstract:

Passionfruit has been widely planted in Guizhou in recent years. Due to the large difference between the optimal habitat conditions and the local climate and environmental conditions, passionfruit plants cannot be overwintered, yield and quality of mature fruits are low in some areas. Therefore, estimating planting-suitability of passionfruit has significance for its industrial development in Guizhou. Planting suitability evaluation system of passionfruit was divided into two layers: growth suitable layer and current limiting layer. In addition to the five conventional growth indicators (perennial average temperature, coldest monthly average temperature, etc.), considering the low yield and low quality of Guizhou passionfruit planting, the temperature at the key growth periods(May-November, July-August) were introduced as the growth suitable indicators; the current limit layer included five types of land use that were not suitable for planting, severe rocky desertification, extreme rocky desertification, and slopes greater than 25°. GIS methods such as spatial superposition, grid calculation and spatial statistics was used to obtain the suitable evaluation results of passionfruit planting. The result showed that: (1) Evaluation grade area: unsuitable > sub-suitable > suitable, the areas were respectively 14 560 964.57hm², 2 742 248.49hm² and 313 486.94hm², there was no most suitable area in Guizhou. (2) The sub-suitable area was widely distributed, but it was less distributed in western and central of Guizhou; the suitable area involved 25 districts and counties, and 81.71% of the area was concentrated in the low-heat valley area of north and south of the Panjiang River basin. (3) Based on the county as basic unit and the results of suitability evaluation, the development of the passionfruit industry was divided into 5 key districts, 11 general districts, 27 scattered breeding districts, and 45 non-recommended planting districts according to the degree of suitability. (4) There were 22 poverty-stricken districts that can grow passionfruit, accounting for 66.67% of the total number of poor counties. In concluding, it is inappropriate to grow passionfruit in Guizhou on a large scale, 10 of the 33 poverty-stricken counties can be used as the passionfruit industry development zone.