农地流转背景下新疆农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳分析

STUDY ON FARMERS′ TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION OF MECHANICAL RESIDUAL FILM RECYCLING UNDER FARMLAND CIRCULATION IN XINJIANG

关键词:  技术采纳  残膜回收机械化技术  农地流转  Probit模型  农户

Key words:  technology adoption  mechanical residual film recycling technology  farmland circulation  Probit model  farmers

摘要:

目的 新疆是我国农膜施用和农膜残留最严重的地区。基于农户调查数据，分析农户残膜回收方式和残膜回收机械化技术采纳，重点研究农地流转对农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳的影响，以期为新疆及全国农膜残膜污染治理提供了有益借鉴。方法 文章采用描述性统计分析农户残膜回收方式和处置行为，运用Probit回归模型实证分析农地流转对农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳的影响。结果 新疆农膜残膜回收方式目前主要依靠人工捡膜，而农地流转促进了农户采用残膜回收机械化技术；户主个体特征和政策因素是影响农户残膜回收的主要因素，而人均农业收入、耕地特征、残膜回收技术培训和订单农业生产对农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳产生重要影响。结论 随着农业劳动力成本上升和耕地规模经营，人工残膜回收方式不具有可持续性，而农地流转后耕地规模经营有助于残膜回收机械化技术的应用，提高了耕地残膜回收率。因此，有序推进农地流转规模经营，促进农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳是未来残膜污染治理的必然选择。

Abstract:

Agricultural film has been extensively used in agriculture, generating a significant amount of residual of the plastic film in Xinjiang. Based on the survey data of farmers in Xinjiang, this paper analyzed the residual film recycling methods and the farmers′ adoption of the mechanical recycling of residual film. The impact of farmland circulation on the technology adoption of the mechanical residual film recycling was investigated and assessed. The results could provide useful reference of control measures of agricultural residual film pollution for Xinjiang and the rest of the country. Using the descriptive statistics to study the residual film recycling and disposal behavior of farmers, and the Probit regression model was used to analyze the impact of farmland circulation on the technology adoption of the mechanical residual film recycling. The results showed that the recycling of residual membrane in Xinjiang was dominated by manual collecting, and farmland circulation promoted the technology adoption of the mechanical residual film recycling. Individual characteristics of households and policies were the main factors affecting the residual film recycling of farmers. While, per capita income from agriculture, technical training of residual film recycling, farmland characteristics and ordered agricultural production affected the adoption of mechanical residual film recycling technology. In summary, increasing labor costs and the scale of farmland would make manual recycling of residual film less sustainable. Increasing scale of farmland management resulted from land transfer will promote the application of the mechanical recycling technology of residual film, and overall improve the recovery rate of plastic film. Therefore, to promote the scale operation through farmland circulation and mechanical recycling technology of residual film is an inevitable choice of future residual film pollution control.