牧民参与草原社区治理决策意愿及影响因素基于内蒙古406户牧民的两阶段实证

THE HERDSMEN’S WILLINGNESS OF PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY GRASSLAND GOVERNANCE AND ITS IMPACT FACTORS* ——A TWO-STAGE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE BASED ON 406 HERDSMEN IN INNER MONGOLIA

关键词:  草原生态  社区治理  集体行动  两阶段决策  牧民意愿

Key words:  grassland ecology  community governance  collective action  two-stage decision  herdsmen's willingness

摘要:

目的 文章通过构建牧民参与草原社区治理的“改变—参与”两阶段决策分析框架，基于内蒙古406户牧民的调研数据，实证探究两阶段决策意愿及影响因素，以期为牧区试点和实践草原社区治理提供有益的理论参考。方法 采用描述性统计分析方法和Probit模型进行实证分析。结果 牧民参与草原社区治理的决策意愿总体较高，78.32%的牧民在第一阶段愿意改变现有草原治理模式，91.16%的牧民在第二阶段愿意参与草原社区治理；牧民改变现有草原治理模式意愿受年龄、经营草场面积的负向影响，受减畜意愿、草原植被认知、草场生态压力认知、社会网络和协作治理认同的正向影响；牧民参与草原社区治理意愿与年龄、经营草场面积和养殖规模的负相关，与减畜意愿、社会网络、社会信任、社会规范、草场生态压力认知和协作治理认同的正相关。结论 开展草原社区治理试点或实践牧区已具备较好的群众基础，牧民参与草原社区治理两阶段决策意愿均受多种因素影响，且两者间的影响因素存在差异。

Abstract:

Community governance is considered as one of the effective ways to address the degradation of grasslands in China. As the main body of grassland utilization and governance, to research Herdsmen's decision-making willingness to participate in community grassland governance is of great significance to pilot and practice community grassland governance in China. This paper constructed a "change-participation" two-stage decision-making model of herdsmen participating in grassland community governance. Based on the survey data of 406 herdsmen in Inner Mongolia, we analyzed the decision-making intention and influencing factors of each stage through statistical description method and Probtit model. The results showed that the overall decision-making willingness of herdsmen to participate in community grassland governance was high, 78.32% of herdsmen were willing to change the existing grassland governance model in the first stage, 91.16% of herdsmen were willing to participate in community governance in the second stage. Herdsmen's willingness to change was negatively affected by age and grassland area, and was positively influenced by willingness to reduce livestock, the cognition of the importance of vegetation, the cognition of grassland ecological pressure, social network and the approval of collaborative governance. Herdsmen′s willingness to participate was negatively influenced by age, grassland area and breeding scale, and was positively influenced by social networks, social trust, social norms, the cognition of grassland ecological pressure and the approval of collaborative governance. There is a good mass base in implementation of grassland community governance pilot or practice in pastoral areas, and the willingness of herders to participate in the two-stage decision-making of grassland community governance is affected by many factors, and the influencing factors between them are different.