县域高质量果业专业合作社发育的空间归因基于陕西省省级示范社数据

SPATIAL ATTRIBUTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH QUALITY FRUIT INDUSTRY SPECIALIZED COOPERATIVES IN COUNTY AREABASED ON THE DATA FROM PROVINCIAL DEMONSTRATION COOPERATIVES IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  高质量合作社  果业  影响因素  县域  陕西省

Key words:  high quality cooperatives  fruit industry  influencing factors  county area  Shaanxi province

摘要:

目的 以我国水果生产第一大省——陕西为研究区，以省级示范社表征高质量合作社，探究在果业领域和县域尺度显著影响其发育的因素及其作用，为合作社的高质量发展提供指引。方法 文章筛选出429个高质量果业专业合作社为研究样本，综合运用不平衡指数和探索性回归、地理探测器、地理加权回归等方法，挖掘样本数量的空间分异性及其背后驱动力。结果 （1） 陕西省高质量果业专业合作社分布的县际不平衡和同类地理集聚现象明显，与其主营果品生产的基地县和优势区高度耦合，体现出产业规模因素的影响；（2） 果业省级示范家庭农场数、户均果园面积、省级示范社总数、到西安市中心距离和人均耕地面积5个自变量，构成了解释县域高质量果业专业合作社发育的最优变量组合。其间尤其是前者与后三者分别交互作用后产生的非线性或双因子增强效应，而非各变量的独立和直接作用，是形成高质量合作社数量县际差异的主要驱动力；（3） 影响高质量果业专业合作社发育的各因素效应均具有程度不等的空间变异，在不同县份的作用强度甚至方向都有差别。结论 为促进高质量果业专业合作社发育，在县级层面，应综合施策，推动果业家庭农场经营规模适度扩大和质量提升，引导其牵头组建合作社并与后者协同发展；在省级层面，应着重考虑各地土地资源禀赋和果农经营规模的差异，分县指导、精准施策。

Abstract:

In order to provide guidance for high-quality development of cooperatives, this research takes Shaanxi province, the largest province of fruit production in China as the research area, uses provincial demonstration cooperatives to characterize high quality cooperatives, and then explores the significant factors and their effects on the development of cooperatives in the fruit industry and county scale. A total of 429 high quality fruit industry specialized cooperatives were selected as the research samples, and many methods were comprehensively used to find out the spatial differentiation of sample number and its driving forces, such as unbalance index, exploratory regression, Geodetector, and geographically weighted regression. The results were showed as follows. The following findings were emerged from the study. (1) The distribution of high quality fruit industry specialized cooperatives in Shaanxi province had obvious imbalance in county scale and homogeneous geographic agglomeration, which were highly coupled with the base counties and superiority areas of the main fruit production, reflecting the influence of industrial scale factor. (2) Five independent variables, namely, the number of provincial demonstration family farms, the per household orchard area, the number of provincial demonstration cooperatives, the distance to the center of Xi'an and the per capita cultivated area constituted the optimal variable combination to explain the development of high quality fruit industry specialized cooperatives in the county. In particular, the non-linear or two-factor enhancement effects produced by the interaction between the number of provincial demonstration family farms and the latter three independent variables, rather than the independent and direct effect of each variable, were the main driving forces for the formation of county-level differences in the number of high quality cooperatives. (3) The effects of various factors that acted the development of high quality fruit industry specialized cooperatives all had different degrees of spatial variability, and their action intensity and even direction were different in different counties. Therefore, in order to promote the development of high quality fruit industry specialized cooperatives, at the county level, comprehensive policies should be implemented to promote the management scale moderate expansion and quality improvement of the fruit industry family farms. In addition, the policies also should guide them to take the lead in establishing cooperatives and to have a coordinate development with cooperatives; at the provincial level, the differences in land resources endowment and farm management scale should be emphatically considered to guide different counties to implement policies precisely.