基于容量耦合理论的乡村生产生活生态协调发展水平及影响因子分析以青海省为例

COUPLING COORDINATION ANALYSIS OF RURAL PRODUCTION-LIVING- ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT LEVEL AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS*——A CASE STUDY OF QINGHAI PROVINCE

关键词:  生产发展  生活富裕  生态良好  协调度  障碍因子

Key words:  increased production  higher living standards  healthy ecosystems  coordination level  obstacle factors

摘要:

目的 新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明建设的目标就是实现生产发展、生活富裕和生态良好的现代化国家，乡村生产生活生态是否实现融合协调发展关系我国乡村振兴战略的成败，也关系到我国乡村的可持续发展，科学地评价青海省乡村生产生活生态协调发展水平，为青海省乡村生态文明建设、乡村全面振兴提供学理支撑。方法 文章以生产发展、生活富裕和生态良好3个系统为导向，构建31项具体指标的乡村生产生活生态发展评价指标体系，运用容量耦合理论对2008—2017年青海省生产生活生态协调发展水平进行测评，并通过障碍度模型找出制约发展的主要障碍因子。结果 （1）青海省乡村生产生活生态协调度从2008年的0.006到2017年的0.871，协调程度从失调阶段到中级协调阶段，总体呈现向好态势。2008年生产、生活、生态系统两两之间的协调程度均为失调阶段，2017年均为中级协调阶段，近年来其协调度均发展相对较好，但生产发展与生态良好两个系统之间的协调度年均增长0.033，涨幅相对较慢。（2）2008—2011年青海省乡村生产生活生态发展障碍因子主要集中在生活富裕系统，2011年之后障碍因子主要集中在生态良好系统。劳均农业增加值是生产发展系统发展的重点，农牧民人均可支配收入、自来水受益的村比重、每千人拥有村卫生人员数和农牧民人均文化教育支出额是生活富裕系统发展的重点，化肥施用强度、围栏草场面积、年内人工草地增加面积、旅游人次和草场危害防治率是生态良好系统发展的重点。结论 青海省乡村生产生活生态协调发展水平总体向好，各系统发展存在着不平衡性，要进一步提升青海省乡村生产生活生态发展的协调水平，就要创新农业经营模式、激发微观主体活力、强化制度供给。

Abstract:

The goal of developing socialist ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new era is to promote increased production, higher living standards, and healthy ecosystems. In rural China, the integrated and coordinated development of production-living-ecology is not only related to the success of rural revitalization strategy, but also related to the sustainable development of rural areas. Thus, the evaluation of the coordination level of rural production-living-ecological development in Qinghai province is of immense significance for ecological civilization and sustainable rural development. An evaluation index system was established containing 31 production, living and ecological indicators to characterize the increased production, higher living standards, and healthy ecosystems in rural areas. This paper firstly explored the coordination level of rural production-living-ecological development in Qinghai province from 2008 to 2017 using a coupling coordination degree model and then identified the main barriers to the coordination level using an obstacle model. The results were showed as follows. （1） During the studied period, the coordination level in Qinghai province improved from 0.006 to 0.871, which was from the unbalanced stage to the intermediate coordinated stage. The coordination level between production and ecology had a relatively slow increase by only 0.033 per year. （2） The main barriers to the coordination level were mainly reflected in higher living standards during the period of 2008 to 2011, while in healthy ecosystems after the year 2011. Results showed that the added value per capita was the key to achieving increased production; per capita income, percentage of villages with water supply, percentage of village health personnel, and expenditure in culture and education were the keys to achieving higher living standards; volume of fertilizer usage, area of enclosure grassland, increment in artificial grassland, number of tourist trips, and grassland hazard control were the keys to achieving healthy ecosystems. In conclusion, the production-living-ecological coordination level in rural Qinghai province improves gradually during the studied period, and imbalanced development exists among different sub-systems. In order to improve the coordination level in the future, rural Qinghai province will need innovation in agricultural production mode, motivation for micro-managerial operation, and supply of consolidate institution.