“精明收缩”视角下鲁西南乡村社区生活空间响应现状与策略分析

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND STRATEGIES OF RESPONSE TO THE LIVING SPACE OF RURAL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHWEST SHANDONG FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF "SMART SHRINKAGE"

关键词:  精明收缩  原生农业型乡村  乡村社区  生活空间  响应策略

Key words:  smart shrinkage  native agricultural villages  rural communities  living space  response strategies

摘要:

目的 乡村资源与规划的集中收缩是现状分析和新一轮政策引导的明确指向，文章通过分析鲁西南原生农业型乡村规划实际，从居住、公共服务支撑、文娱休闲、消费4个微观层面考察生活空间构建对应“收缩”的现状，为制定相关响应对策提供借鉴和参考样本。方法 采用问卷调查法和实际研究法相结合的方式，针对案例乡村展开乡村规划、社区建设、生活空间现状的综合调研，总结出区域现状和特征。结果 新旧乡村社区存在原有生活方式与人居条件的不平衡发展，呈现破与立的矛盾多样性；人员结构、老龄化等问题没有得到切实的空间响应，新型乡村社区建设的城市化思维植入严重；教育、医疗等公共服务空间与人口规模、人员结构的综合统筹仍不够合理，资源分散且设施陈旧；文娱休闲空间微观响应没有切合居民生活方式由农闲向休闲的转化特质；单一化、散点式消费空间难以提升并满足居民生活需求；乡土特色的集市正逐步消亡，侧面加剧了乡土文化的衰退。结论 “精明收缩”理论的应用不单单在于规划层面的实操，更在于精细化的落地实施和价值评判；面对收缩实质，乡村社区生活空间发展应变“被动”为“主动”，在生态产业与生态社区耦合发展、居住空间分类整合、公共资源集约等方面积极调整。

Abstract:

The concentrated shrinkage of rural resources and planning is a clear indication of the current situation analysis and the new round of policy guidance. By analyzing the actual planning of native agricultural villages in Southwest Shandong, this paper examines the construction of living spaces in four micro-levels: housing, public service support, recreation and leisure, and consumption to respond to the "shrinking" situation and provides reference and samples for formulating relevant response measures. Using a combination of questionnaire survey and actual research methods, a comprehensive survey of rural planning, community building, and living space was conducted in the case study villages to summarize the current situation and characteristics of the region. The results were indicated as follows. There was an imbalance in the development of old and new rural communities in terms of their original lifestyles and living conditions, presenting a contradictory diversity of disruptions and contradictions. Problems such as the human structure and ageing of the population did not receive a practical spatial response, and the urbanization ideology implanted in the construction of new rural communities was serious. The space for public services such as education and medical care was still not reasonably coordinated with the population size and personnel structure, and resources were scattered and facilities were old. The micro-response of recreation and leisure space did not meet the characteristics of the transformation of residents' lifestyles from off-farm to leisure. It is difficult to improve and meet the residents' needs in life with a single, scattered consumption space. Markets with local characteristics were gradually disappearing, exacerbating the decline of local culture. The application of the theory of "smart shrinkage" lies not only in planning exercises, but also in detailed implementation and value evaluation. Faced with the essence of shrinkage, the development of living space in rural communities should be changed from passive to active, and active adjustments should be made in the coupled development of ecological industries and ecological communities, the integration of living space categories, and the intensification of public resources.