我国马铃薯全要素生产率比较及空间集聚研究

STUDY ON REGIONAL COMPARISON AND SPATIAL AGGLOMERATION OF POTATO’S TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN CHINA

关键词:  马铃薯  全要素生产率  技术效率  空间集聚  区域发展

Key words:  potato  total factor productivity  technical efficiency  spatial agglomeration  region development

摘要:

目的 马铃薯主粮化已成为我国第四次主粮革命的新趋势，我国马铃薯产业具有良好的产能基础，种植面积和总产量均居全球第一，但单产低于世界平均水平，且产业发展面临诸如加工能力低、经营模式落后、产业布局不合理的现实问题，为实现我国主粮多元化需要加快马铃薯产业转型升级。方法 文章运用DEA-Malmquist指数测度2011—2016年我国马铃薯16个主产区的生产效率和全要素生产率水平，利用Moran's I分析全要素生产率变化的空间自相关性及动态变化。结果 马铃薯产业整体技术效率偏低且区域发展水平不均衡；逐渐从技术进步转变到更加注重提高技术效率且主导因素存在区域性差异；形成了自成一体的“新区”、南北连通的“西区”和强强联手的“北区”三大集聚区。结论 马铃薯产业区域性明显，打破地理界线跨地区发展是未来产业发展的方向，最后从技术效率提升、区域产业布局、市场对接等方面对我国马铃薯产业优化调整提出了对策建议。

Abstract:

Developing potato as the staple food has become the new trend of the fourth staple food revolution in China. The potato industry has a fair capacity basis with both planting area and total yield of potato ranking first in the world. But the yield per hectare is lower than the average level. And practical problems such as low processing capacity, outdated management mode and unreasonable industrial distribution need to be solved. It is necessary to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of potato industry to realize the diversification of staple food. This research analyzed the total factor productivity of the 16 major potato producing areas in China from 2011 to 2016 with DEA-Malmquist index and the spatial autocorrelation and dynamic change of total factor productivity change were analyzed with Moran's I. The results showed that the overall technical efficiency of potato industry was relatively low and the level of regional development was unbalanced. The focus had been transformed from technology progress to technical efficiency. The dominant factors varied in areas. The three agglomeration areas were formed, namely, the "New part" with its own style, the "West part" connecting the north and south, and the "North part" combining among the strong ones. It concludes that the performance of potato industry vary in different regions. Breaking geographical boundaries is the way of the future. Finally, the suggestions are put forward from the aspects of technical efficiency improvement, regional industrial distribution and marketing, etc.