从城乡两个战略统筹推进看农村改革路向

THE DIRECTION OF RURAL REFORM FROM THE OVERALL ADVANCEMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL STRATEGIES

关键词:  城乡融合  耦合协调模型  农村改革  战略  路向

Key words:  urban-rural integration  coupling coordination model  rural reform  strategy  path and direction

摘要:

目的 “城市病”与“乡村病”既是城市与乡村各自发展过程出现问题的表现，又是城乡发展长期不平衡累积的结果。从乡村振兴与新型城镇化两个战略统筹推进的视角出发，探究农村改革的重点路向。方法 文章通过构建乡村振兴与新型城镇化评价指标体系，运用熵值法加权计算二者各自的综合指数，并运用耦合协调模型评价了现阶段我国城乡耦合协调度。结果 从理论分析看，我国城乡融合发展具有理论上“耦合”的可行性。实证研究表明：我国乡村振兴与新型城镇化处于“区域分异”状态、发展任务艰巨且要求分区域精准施策；目前我国城乡耦合发展整体处于较低层级，70%的地区处于“轻度失调”状态，亟待通过外力干预逆转。结论 “治好城乡两种病”不但要靠城乡自身的“内生性”发展，又需要“外源性”动力推进。从改革路向看，要结合农村实际实施差异化改革路径。并紧扣农村发展的限制性因素，针对性地破解发展难题。存在生态及自然资源优势的后发地区，应改革产业培育方向，对于经济较发达地区，改革重点应放在调整城乡分工与利益分配上；要改革土地等自然资源使用权流转制度，为城市资本下乡打开通道，使城乡融合由“离散型”转向“连续型”；坚决破除“小农经济”思维模式禁锢，改革我国农业运作模式，把提升农业生产效率作为着力点。

Abstract:

Problems in urban and rural areas are not only the manifestation in process of development, but also the result of long-term imbalance between them. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the key directions of rural reform based on the perspective of rural revitalization and new-type urbanization Strategies. To this end, we constructed an evaluation index system for rural rejuvenation and a new-type urbanization, used the entropy method to calculate the respective comprehensive indexes, and adopted the coupling coordination model to evaluate the current urban-rural coupling coordination degree in China. By theoretical analysis, we found that the integration development between urban and rural had the feasibility in the new era. The empirical study showed that China's rural revitalization and new urbanization were vary in different provinces, the development task was arduous and required precise policies according to regions. At present, China's urban-rural coupling development was at a lower level, 70% of the provinces were slight imbalance, which needed to be reversed through external intervention. So, we think that solve urban and rural problems are not only need the endogenous development but also requires exogenous power. Seeing from reform direction, it is necessary to implement differentiated paths which can adapt to rural areas conditions. And closely related to the restrictive factors of rural development, and solve development problems. Furthermore, in late-developed regions with ecological and natural resource advantages, the direction of industrial cultivation should be reformed. For more economically developed regions, the focus of reform should be on adjusting the division of labor and benefit distribution in the two areas. Finally, we need reform system of transferring natural resources, which can made urban capital go to the countryside, and the urban-rural integration can change from discrete to continuous. Also, we should break down the small-scale peasant economy mode, reform China's agricultural operation mode and regard improving agricultural production efficiency as the focus.