技术进步、规模化经营与我国甘蔗主产区生产效率研究

RESEARCH ON TECHNICAL PROGRESS, LARGE-SCALE MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN CHINA'S MAIN SUGARCANE PRODUCING AREAS

关键词:  种植业发展  Malmquist指数  规模效率  技术进步  规模化经营

Key words:  development of agricultural planting  index of Malmquist  scale efficiency  technical progress  scale operation

摘要:

目的 农业种植业的发展是多种因素共同作用的结果，文章旨在探究技术进步和规模化经营两个重要着力点对农业种植业可持续健康发展的影响。方法 通过DEA-Malmquist指数分析方法，利用2003—2017年中国甘蔗主产区甘蔗种植投入产出面板数据，测算了在农业种植业发展过程中的综合技术效率、技术进步以及全要素生产率增长状况，并对各甘蔗主产区技术进步以及规模化经营情况作对比分析。结果 我国以及广东、广西的甘蔗生产效率呈下降的趋势，海南和云南则呈上升的趋势；技术进步是提升广东和云南甘蔗种植业生产效率的直接因素，而对广西和海南甘蔗种植业生产效率贡献最大的是规模化经营；近年来，广东、广西的甘蔗种植生产技术进步缓慢，甚至出现技术衰退；广东、广西和海南3地的甘蔗规模化经营还存在一定的优化空间，尤其是广东和海南地区。结论 我国及各甘蔗主产区应根据农业种植业的区域发展差异，以因地制宜为首要原则，重视技术进步和综合技术效率同步改进的同时，更应注重通过技术进步来推动规模化经营的发展。

Abstract:

The development of agricultural planting industry is the result of the combined effect of multiple factors. This article aims to explore the impact of two important points of technical progress and large-scale operation on the sustainable and healthy development of agricultural planting industry. Based on the panel data of sugarcane planting in China's main sugarcane production areas from 2003 to 2017, the DEA-Malmquist index analysis method was used to measure the comprehensive technical efficiency, technical progress, and total factor productivity in the process of agricultural planting industry development, and make a comparative analysis of the technical progress and large-scale operation of each sugarcane production area. The results were indicated as follows. The sugarcane production efficiency in China, Guangdong, and Guangxi showed a downward trend, and Hainan and Yunnan showed an upward trend; technical progress was a direct factor to improve the production efficiency of sugarcane planting in Guangdong and Yunnan, and the sugarcane planting in Guangxi and Hainan large-scale operation contributed most to production efficiency. In recent years, sugarcane planting production technology in Guangdong and Guangxi had made slow progress and even experienced a technical decline; sugarcane large-scale operations in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan still had some room for optimization, especially Guangdong and Hainan. China and the main sugarcane producing areas should take into account the regional development differences in agricultural planting, take local conditions as the first principle, attach importance to the simultaneous improvement of technical progress and comprehensive technical efficiency, and pay more attention to promoting large-scale operations through technical progress.