滇黔桂传统村落空间分布特征及其与旅游发展关系

RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEE THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES IN YUNNAN, GUIZHOU AND GUANGXI AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

关键词:  传统村落  空间分布  影响因素  旅游效应  滇黔桂

Key words:  traditional villages  spatial distribution  influencing factor  tourism effect  Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi

摘要:

目的 分析滇黔桂传统村落空间分布格局及其影响因素，并进一步探究传统村落保护与旅游经济运行关系。方法 文章选取云南、贵州和广西3省区的1 712个传统村落为研究样本，借助ArcGIS10.2、GeoDA、SPSS等工具及数理统计模型，探究滇黔桂3省区不同空间尺度传统村落空间分布特征、影响要素及其与旅游发展关系。结果 滇黔桂传统村落分布为显著的集聚类型，整体上分布在黔东南（黔东南）—桂东北（桂林）、滇西北（保山—大理—丽江）、滇东南（红河）3个集聚区。滇黔桂地区传统村落分布在不同空间尺度均表现出显著非均衡特征，传统村落分布的沿边性（省界或国界）和旅游开发指向性特征明显。89.83%传统村落都分布在2 000m以下的中低山区；在经济较为落后和旅游发展较早的两个区域形成传统村落集聚区；与现代交通干线分布呈现空间异位性且与交通密度呈现负相关特征；现有传统村落大多远离城市中心特征。滇黔桂地区国内旅游规模、国际旅游收入、旅游资源禀赋与传统村落分布呈正相关性，国内旅游收入、国际旅游规模与传统村落分布呈负向相关性，总体上旅游发展对传统村落入选有一定带动作用，但旅游响应作用依然有待进一步提升。结论 该研究发现传统村落呈现聚集分布特征，但其文化资源属性的经济价值暂未得到充分挖掘，其旅游经济效果不容乐观。

Abstract:

This paper is intended to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and factors of traditional villages in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi provinces of China, and explore the relationship between traditional villages protection and tourism economy development. With the tools of ArcGIS 10.2, GeoDA, SPSS and mathematical statistical models, this study selected 1,712 traditional villages which were located in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi provinces to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution and factors of these villages and tourism development. The results showed that: the samples were mainly distributed in Southeastern Guizhou (Qian Dongnan)-Northeast Guangxi (Guilin), Northwest Yunnan (Baoshan-Dali-Lijiang), and Southeast Yunnan (Hong He) were typical aggregate type. The villages at different spatial scales showed characteristic of imbalance, specifically, they were distributed long provinces or national boundaries and featured with tourism development. It was found that 89.83% of the traditional villages were located in the middle-low mountain areas below 2 000 meters. Moreover, traditional villages with the relatively backward economy and earlier tourism development were developed into agglomeration area. These villages were spatially heterogeneous with trunk traffic and were negatively correlated with traffic distribution density. In addition, most of the samples were far away from the urban. The distribution of traditional villages was positively correlated with domestic tourism scale, international tourism income, and tourism resource endowment, but it was negatively correlated with domestic tourism income and international tourism scale. In general, development of tourism promotes the selection and development of traditional villages, but the impact of tourism still needs to be further improved. In summary, the study concludes that the traditional villages are distributed with accumulation, but the economic value of their cultural resources has not been fully developed, likewise, their tourism economic effect is not optimistic.