交易成本、资源禀赋差异对农户生产环节外包行为的影响

THE IMPACT OF TRANSATION COST AND RESOURCE ENDOWMENT DIFFERENCES ON OUTSOURCING BEHAVIOR OF FARMERS′ ON PRODUCTION STAGES

关键词:  交易成本  资源禀赋  生产环节  外包行为  参与程度

Key words:  transaction cost  resource endowment  productions link  outsourcing behavior  level of participation

摘要:

目的 在农村劳动力转移以及人口老龄化的背景下，农业生产性服务业得到迅速发展，但交易成本过高和资源禀赋劣势会对农户农业生产环节外包行为产生抑制作用。方法 文章基于江西省423个农户的调研数据，利用heckman两阶段模型分析了交易成本、资源禀赋差异对农户生产环节外包行为的影响。结果 研究结果表明，大部分农户选择了农业生产环节外包，但外包程度较低。亲朋好友的数量、是否有农民专业技术协会等信息成本对农户参与生产环节外包行为具有明显的促进作用；执行成本中，村的交通条件、农户技术要求较高的环节数量以及谈判成本中费用支出较多的环节数量均会对农户生产环节外包程度产生显著正向影响；在资源禀赋中土壤质量以及家庭劳动力总数抑制了农户的外包行为。结论 政府应加强农业生产环节外包的推广以及信息服务，降低农业生产环节外包过程中的交易成本，同时根据各地资源禀赋差异对外包服务供需不平衡地区进行干预与组织，进而提高农户生产环节外包的概率。

Abstract:

In the context of the transfer of rural labor and the aging of the population, agricultural productive service industry has developed rapidly. However, the excessively high transaction cost and the inferior resource endowment inhibits the outsourcing of farmers' agricultural production links. Based on the survey data of 423 farmer households in Jiangxi province, this paper analyzed the impact of transaction cost and resource endowment differences on the outsourcing behavior of farmers' on production stage by using the Heckman two-stage model. The research results showed that most farmers choose to outsource on agricultural production stage, but the extent of outsourcing was relatively low. Information costs played a significant role in promoting farmers′ participation in outsourcing on production stages, such as the number of relatives and friends, whether there was a farmer′s professional technical association; the implementation cost which included the village's traffic conditions and the number of links with higher technical requirements for farmers, and the negotiation cost also had a significant influence on the degree of outsourcing. In the resource endowment, the soil quality and the total number of family labor restrained farmers' outsourcing behavior. The government should strengthen the promotion of outsourcing of agricultural on production stages and information services, reduce the transaction cost in the outsourcing process of agricultural production. At the same time, the government should intervene and organize outsourcing services on uneven supply and demand areas according to the differences in resource endowments in various regions, so as to increase the probability of outsourcing farmers' production.