农村宅基地非市场价值内涵及影响因素研究以江西省余江区为例

STUDY ON THE CONNOTATION AND INFLUNCING FACTORS OF THE NON-MARKET VALUE OF THE HOMESTEAD IN RURAL AREASBASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF YUJIANG DISTRICT, JIANGXI PROVINCE

关键词:  最优尺度模型  宅基地退出  非市场价值  余江区  农村宅基地制度改革

Key words:  optimal scale model  quitting rural residential land  non-market value  Yujiang district  the reform of the homestead system in rural areas

摘要:

目的 随着我国农村宅基地制度改革逐渐步入深水区，宅基地退出过程中的诸多矛盾和问题亟待实证分析，以江西省余江区农村宅基地制度改革中的无偿退出政策为切入点，基于微观视角细化农户对宅基地的价值认知。方法 文章通过深入访谈、问卷调查等手段探索宅基地非市场价值的内涵及测度，运用条件价值评估法及最优尺度模型分析了非市场价值的影响因素。结果 宅基地非市场价值包括储物价值、保障价值、情感价值等三方面。余江区无偿退出宅基地包括户外厕所、禽畜养殖、倒塌房屋、院套等4种类型，宅基地的平均受偿意愿分别为737.51元/m²、530.56元/m²、338.17元/m²、388.04元/m²。宅基地非市场价值的影响因素包括农户的年收入水平、家庭人口总数、受教育程度、工作性质、工作地点、宅改前拥有宅基地数量、宅改政策的执行力度、程序公开度、环境改善程度及土地节约集约度等九方面。结论 宅基地退出不仅会带来土地利用空间结构形态的变化，还会影响乡土生活“肌理”，这在一方面启示政策制定者的眼光不仅要聚焦“地”，也要关注“人”，规划先行可能是一个识别“肌理”重构过程中诸多矛盾的有效手段，另一方面启示政策实施者需要重视来自非市场价值的“阻力”，并通过程序公正、公众参与等方式帮助消解“阻力”，有序推进宅基地制度改革。

Abstract:

With the reform of the homestead system in rural areas stepping into the crucial stage, there are empirical study on many contradictions and problems during the process. Based on the policy of the quitting rural residential land without compensation in Yujiang district, Jiangxi province, this paper gives a detailed analysis of farmers' cognition of the value of homestead from a micro perspective. This paper explored the connotation and measurement of the non-market value of the homestead through thorough interviews and questionnaires, and also analyzed the factors of the non-market value of the homestead in rural areas with Contingent Value Method (CVM) and the optimal scale model. The results were indicated as follows. The non-market value of the homestead included storage value, social security value and emotional value. Four types of the homestead expropriated without compensation: outhouses, livestock breeding farm, collapsed houses, and courtyard. The average acceptable compensation of the homestead was 737.51 yuan/㎡、530.56 yuan/㎡、338.17 yuan/㎡、388.04 yuan/㎡, respectively. The factors of the non-market value of the homestead included the annual income of farmers, the number of the family, the education, the nature of work, workplace, the number of the homestead before the housing reform, the implementation of the housing reform policy, the transparency of the procedures, the degree of environmental improvement and the degree of land conservation and intensification. In summary, quitting rural residential land will not only bring about changes in the spatial structure of land use, but also will affect the people's rural life. On the one hand, this reminds policymakers to focus not only on "land", but also on "people". The reform needs planning first, as it can be an effective measure to identify many contradictions in the process of quitting rural residential land. On the other hand, it reminds policymakers to pay attention to the "resistance" from non-market values, and try their best to eliminate the "resistance" by means of fair procedures and public participation to carry out the reform of the homestead system in an orderly way.