中国节水农业成效、形势机遇与展望

ACHIEVEMENTS，SITUATION AND OPPORTUNITIES OF WATER SAVING AGRICULTURE IN CHINAAND PROJECTIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

关键词:  旱作节水农业  水肥一体化  作物水分生产力  适水种植  转变发展方式

Key words:  drylandwater-saving farming  fertigation  crop water productivity  water-adapted planting  transformation of development mode

摘要:

目的 我国是世界上水资源缺乏的国家之一，发展节水农业在保障国家粮食安全和农业绿色高质量发展大局中具有重要战略地位。全面总结“十三五”节水农业发展成效与经验，认真分析节水农业的现状、形势和任务，加快“十四五”期间节水农业发展，推进节水增粮、节水增效，具有十分重要的意义。方法 文章对我国近10年来的水资源、农业用水、灌溉用水、旱作农业生产和用水效率进行系统总结和数据分析。结果 “十三五”期间，我国节水农业发展取得显著成效，农业用水总量及其占全国用水总量的比例“双下降”，农业用水效率和效益“双提升”，切实提高农业用水效率，为保障粮食和食物安全做出重要贡献。结论 中国农业生产面临着干旱缺水的长期威胁，大力发展节水农业，解决好农业用水问题，是保证我国粮食和食物安全、转变农业发展模式并促进绿色高质量发展的需要，也是实现农业现代化和生态文明的根本路径。

Abstract:

China is one of the countries with the most water shortage in the world. The development of water-saving agriculture has an important strategic position in ensuring national food security and agricultural green high-quality development. It is of great significance to comprehensively summarize the achievements and experience of the development of water-saving agriculture in the 13th five year plan, and seriously analyze the current situation and tasks faced by the development of water-saving agriculture in the 14th five year plan, so as to guide the accelerated development of water-saving agriculture in the 14th five year plan, and promote water-saving and grain increase, water-saving and efficiency increase. The water resources, agricultural water use, irrigation water use, dry farming production and water use efficiency of China in recent 10 years were systematically summarized and analyzed. During the 13th five year plan period, remarkable achievements have been made in the development of water-saving agriculture in China. The total amount of agricultural water consumption and its proportion in the total amount of water consumption in China had been "double decreased", and the efficiency and benefit of agricultural water consumption had been "double improved", which had effectively improved the utilization level of agricultural water resources and made an important contribution in ensuring the effective supply of grain and important agricultural products. In summary, China's agricultural development is facing the long-term threat of drought and water shortage. Vigorously developing water-saving agriculture and solving the problem of agricultural water use are the realistic needs of ensuring national food security, accelerating the transformation of agricultural development mode and promoting the green and high-quality development of agriculture, and the only way to vigorously promote agricultural modernization and ecological civilization construction.