规模化养猪业的环境风险研究

STUDY OF THE LARGE-SCALE PIG INDUSTRY’S ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

关键词:  权力—资本  地方实践  规模化  养猪业  环境风险

Key words:  power-capital  local practice  scale  pig industry  environmental risk

摘要:

目的 随着农业现代化步伐的不断加快，农业规模化生产模式已成为一种重要的经营模式被普及和推广。农业规模化经营模式具有高效率、规模效益等特点，但也可能产生一些难以预见的社会问题，如环境污染。从权力—资本的逻辑来看，规模化养殖模式具有更高的经济效益并更利于政府开展环境管理与监督，且在政策扶持与财政资助方面更有针对性，有助于政府从整体上来管控规模化养殖企业。方法 文章通过现场查看、深度访谈等实地调查及比色法水质检测方法来开展研究。结果 研究发现大规模养猪场的畜禽排泄物所造成的环境污染在不断加重，环境风险发生的可能性也在增加。相反各种中小型养殖户、散养户的养殖模式却与地方社会结合得更好，养殖点分布广泛且周边环境的净化能力强，不仅具有较高的经济价值，也较好地保护了周边环境，更具有可行性和操作性。结论 依据不同逻辑形成的养猪模式产生了截然不同的环境效应。养殖规模应基于不同地域、不同的经营方式来设定，形成适度规模的养殖模式。

Abstract:

As the pace of agricultural modernization continues to accelerate, the large-scale agricultural production model has become an important business model to be popularized and promoted. The large-scale agricultural business model has the characteristics of high efficiency and scale efficiency, but it may also produce some unforeseen social problems, such as environmental pollution. From the perspective of power-capital logic, the large-scale farming model has higher economic benefits and is more conducive to the government's environmental management and supervision, and it is more targeted in terms of policy support and financial assistance, which helps the government control it as a whole large-scale breeding enterprises. Through on-site inspections, in-depth interviews and other field investigations and colorimetric water quality detection methods, it found that the environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry waste from large-scale pig farms was increasing and the possibility of environmental risks was also increasing. On the contrary, the breeding models of various small and medium-sized farmers and free-range farmers were better integrated with the local society. The breeding sites were widely distributed and the purification ability of the surrounding environment was strong. The surrounding environment was more feasible and operational. So, it can be seen that the pig raising model formed according to different logic has produced different environmental effects. The breeding scale should be set based on different regions and different business modes to form an appropriate scale breeding model.