禁养背景下江津区畜禽养殖变化及其效益评价基于江津区养殖大户的调查

CHANGES AND BENEFIT EVALUATION OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY BREEDING IN JIANGJIN DISTRUCT UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF PROHIBITION OF BREEDINGBASED ON THE INVESTIGATION OF LARGE FARMERS IN JJIANGJIN DISTRUCT

关键词:  畜禽养殖业  养殖大户  绩效评价  禁养背景  层次分析法

Key words:  livestock and poultry industry  large-scale production  performance appraisal  Ban background  AHP

摘要:

目的 通过分析江津区畜禽养殖时间和空间变化，文章从经济效益、社会效益、生态效益三个方面确定9个指标研究其畜禽养殖大户对江津畜禽养殖业发展的影响。方法 该文采用了绩效层次分析和熵权法对50家养殖生猪、鱼类、肉羊或家禽的养殖大户进行经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的评价。结果 （1）三区（禁养区、限养区、适养区）内，禁养区的养殖场全部关闭或搬迁，限养区和适养区完善畜禽养殖污染防治设施并进行整治；（2）近20年江津区畜牧业发展逐渐从散养、放养走向了规模化、集约化、现代化，且养殖场集中分布在中部和北部区域；（3）禁养背景下小型养殖户不断减少，较大规模养殖户占比增加，规模化程度在不断提升；（4）规模化程度越高的养殖户会产生更高的经济、社会和生态效益，养殖户在选址上更为注重三方面协调的方式。结论 现阶段畜禽养殖业污染的相关处理对生态环境造成了巨大威胁，畜禽业发展应推广农牧结合、种养平衡、生态循环的畜禽养殖模式。

Abstract:

Through temporal and spatial analysis of the changes of livestock and poultry breeding，this paper defines 9 indicators to study the influence of big farmers on the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Jiangjin District from three perspectives including economic，social and ecological benefits. AHP and entropy methods were employed to evaluate the economic，social and ecological benefits of 50 big farmers who breed pig，fish，lamb and poultry. Evaluation results showed that: (1) Among the three types of areas (prohibition areas，restricted areas and suitable areas)，all farms in the prohibition areas had been closed or relocated and pollution prevention and control facilities for livestock and poultry breeding had been improved in the restricted areas and the suitable areas. (2) In recent 20 years，livestock and poultry breeding in Jiangjin District had gradually changed from free-range breeding and stocking to large scale，intensified and modernized breeding，and farms were concentrated in the central and northern regions. (3) Against the background of the prohibition of breeding，the number of small farmers was decreasing，while the proportion of big farmers was increasing and the degree of scale breeding was increasing. (4) The larger the scale of breeding，the higher the economic，social and ecological benefits. Farmers should pay more attention to the coordination of the three aspects of economic，social and ecological considerations in site selection.So，in current stage，the treatment of pollution from livestock and poultry breeding industry poses a great threat to the ecological environment. The development of livestock and poultry industry should promote the model that emphasize the coordination of farming and animal husbandry，the balance of seeding and breeding and ecological cycle.