关于我国农业碳达峰，助力碳中和若干问题的思考

THOUGHTS ON SEVERAL PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL CARBON PEAK AND CARBON NEUTRALITY IN CHINA

关键词:  农业  碳达峰  碳中和  温室气体减排  土壤固碳

Key words:  agriculture  Carbon Peak  Carbon Neutrality  greenhouse gas emission mitigation  soil carbon sequestration

摘要:

目的 农业作为保障国家粮食安全和生态安全的基础性产业，在推动我国实现“碳达峰与碳中和”目标中将起到至关重要的作用。农业温室气体减排和农田土壤固碳是实现农业碳中和的重要途径，但在国家整体“双碳”目标实现过程中，农业碳达峰、助力碳中和应该主要解决什么问题，以便能够更好地纳入国家总体布局中；在实施过程中需要注意哪些全局性和方向性的问题目前尚不清晰。方法 文章对目前农业固碳减排研究的成果进行了系统的梳理、总结和凝练，针对我国不同阶段农业固碳减排在“双碳”目标实现中所需解决的科学问题和技术难题提出相应建议。结果 明确了“双碳”目标实现过程中，不同阶段农业固碳减排需关注和解决的三大关系（固碳减排与生产力稳定性之间的协同关系、土壤固碳与温室气体减排之间的协同关系、温室气体与污染物协同减排的关系），并在系统监测、碳贸易方法学、构建人才队伍等方面提出了未来发展的方向及建议。结论 为科学控制我国农业温室气体排放、发展低碳绿色农业提供参考依据，以期为实现我国“碳中和”目标贡献农业力量。

Abstract:

Agriculture, as a basic industry to ensure national food security and ecological security, plays a vital role in promoting China to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Agricultural greenhouse gas emission mitigation and soil carbon sequestration are important ways to achieve agricultural carbon neutralization, but in the process of realizing the goal of “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality”, what problems should be solved, so as to be better integrated into the national overall layout. What overall and directional issues should be noted in the implementation process are unclear. This paper systematically summarized and condensed the current research results of agricultural carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission mitigation, and put forward corresponding suggestions for the scientific problems and technical problems that needed to be solved in the realization of the goals of “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” in different stages in China. The results were showed as follows. Three major relationships that needed to be paid attention to and solved in different stages of carbon sequestration and emission reduction in the process of achieving the goal of "Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality” were identified. In addition, the direction and suggestions for future development were put forward in the aspects of systematic monitoring, carbon trade methodology, and talent team construction. In summary, the purpose is to provide reference for scientific control of greenhouse gas emissions from China's agriculture and development of low-carbon life's agriculture, and further contribute to the realization of China's " Carbon Neutrality" goal.