中国台湾地区面源污染现状、防控经验及启示

THE PRESENT SITUATION OF NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTIONS IN TAIWAN DISTRICT AND ITS CONTROL PRACTICES AND IMPLICATION

关键词:  中国台湾地区  面源污染  防控措施  技术措施  启示

Key words:  Taiwan in China  nonpoint source pollution  prevention and control strategy  technology strategy  implication

摘要:

目的 从20世纪80年代开始中国台湾地区注重农业的可持续发展，在农业快速发展的同时，农业面源污染控制取得了良好的成效，但是目前鲜有研究介绍台湾地区的面源污染控制的措施，文章结合对台湾地区农业面源污染的考察与了解，对台湾地区面源污染防控体系进行了全面和深入的分析，为其他地区面源污染控制提供借鉴和经验。方法 梳理了台湾地区在面源污染控制形成的从立法到多源头的技术措施控制体系：分别从立法措施、水库工程治理措施两个方面介绍台湾地区形成的控制面源污染的经验和做法。结果 （1）台湾地区控制面源污染的措施具有明确具体的特点，在不同的立法措施中，明确规定了与控制面源污染相关的行为；（2）根据水库的地形特征及关键污染问题制定相应的工程措施，取得了良好的面源污染防控效果；（3）该研究结合当前大陆地区农业面源污染防控工作的特点，提出了建立完善面源污染立法措施、加强已有面源污染防控技术的集成应用，发挥公众监督的积极性等建议，为我国大陆地区构建符合国情和有效的面源污染防控模式提供科学和技术支持。结论 我国面源污染控制措施，需要因时、因地而宜，逐渐形成政府—企业/科研机构—公众协同参与的治理模式，从而步入绿色发展的新模式。

Abstract:

Since the 1980s, Taiwan in China began to pay attention to the sustainable development of agriculture. With the rapid development of agriculture, the control of agricultural non-point source pollution has achieved good results. However, there are few studies to introduce the control measures of nonpoint source pollution in Taiwan. In this study, combined with the investigation and understanding of agricultural non-point source pollution in Taiwan, the prevention and control system of nonpoint source pollution in Taiwan is comprehensively and deeply analyzed. The results showed that Taiwan had formed a technical measure control system from legislation to multi-source in the control of nonpoint source pollution, and there were detailed regulations from source control to process reduction. In terms of nonpoint source pollution control measures for different reservoirs, corresponding engineering measures were formulated according to the topographic characteristics and problems of the reservoirs, and good non-point source pollution prevention and control effect was achieved. Combined with the characteristics of agricultural nonpoint source pollution prevention and control in the mainland China, this study puts forward some suggestions, such as establishing legislative measures of non-point source pollution, strengthening the integrated application of the measures to control nonpoint source pollution, and make full use of public supervision, so as to provide scientific and technical support for the construction of an effective non-point source pollution prevention and control method in mainland China. In summary, the control measures of nonpoint source pollution in China need to be adapted to time and regions, and gradually form a governance model of government—enterprise/scientific research institution— public collaborative participation, so as to enter a new model of green development.