农村劳动力转移对小麦生产环境效率的影响路径研究基于并行中介效应模型的实证

IMPACTS OF RURAL LABOR TRANSFER ON WHEATPRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCYBASED ON THE PARALLEL MULTIPLEMEDIATION EFFECT MODEL

关键词:  小麦生产环境效率  劳动力转移  并行中介效应模型  SBMDEA  非期望产出

Key words:  environmental efficiency of wheat production  rural labor transfer  parallel multiple mediation model  SBMDEA  undesirable output

摘要:

目的 近年来中国粮食生产带来的环境问题已经不容忽视，而计算环境效率可以直接反映粮食生产对生态环境的影响，认清粮食生产的环境代价，并促进中国粮食生产向更可持续的方向发展。方法 文章以中国三大主粮之一小麦为例，基于1990—2018年15个小麦主产省区面板数据，采用SBMDEA方法测算了中国主产省小麦生产的环境效率，并进一步建立并行中介效应模型考察了劳动力转移对小麦生产环境效率的影响机制。结果 中国小麦生产环境效率的平均值为0.649，可以看出目前中国小麦生产环境效率水平仍然较低，并且自2000年开始均呈现出递减的趋势，这说明小麦生产背后的生态成本也越来越高。结论 农村劳动力转移虽然能够促进小麦规模化生产改善环境效率，但是总体影响仍为负向，而财政支农水平、有效灌溉率、机械化水平和小麦最低收购政策对生产环境效率具有显著的正向影响。

Abstract:

In recent years, the environmental problems caused by crop production in China cannot be neglected any longer. Computing Environmental Efficiency (“En-efficiency” for abbreviation) interprets the influence on ecological environment by crop production and the environmental cost of it, hence it can lead China's crop production to a more sustainable direction. Therefore, this paper chose wheat, one of the three primary staple crops in China, as an object of study, and collected the panel data of 15 primary provinces where wheat is massively cultivated from1990 to 2018. Based on the above, this paper proposed SBMDEA method to measure the environmental efficiency in a number of China's major wheat production provinces and furthermore examined the influence on environmental efficiency of wheat production by labor force immigration by setting up Parallel mediating effect model. The research showed that the mean value of En-efficiency of wheat production was 0.649 in China, which indicated a lower status of China's wheat production En-efficiency. In addition, this number decreased from 2000, implying an ever-increasing ecological cost of wheat production. In brief, on one hand, rural labor force immigration in general impacts negatively the En-efficiency of wheat production despite its improvement on scaling-up production for wheat. On the other hand, financial support to local agriculture, effective irrigation rate, mechanization and “Minimum Purchase Price Policy for Crops” exert significant positive impacts on production En-efficiency.