中国农业水价综合改革历程、问题和对策

HISTORY, PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF COMPREHENSIVE REFORM OF CHINA'S AGRICULTURAL WATER PRICE

关键词:  农业水价  改革  历程  影响因素  对策建议

Key words:  agricultural water price  reform  history  influencing factors  suggestions

摘要:

目的 农业水价综合改革是促进农田水利系统完善和良性运转的关键，也是改变农业用水方式、促进农业节水的重要举措。面对改革过程中的困境与阻碍，围绕改革历程和问题开展理论研究，对于加快推动改革工作的开展具有重要意义。方法 文章利用实践与文献调研相结合的综合分析方法，在多年来实践调研经验的基础上，对相关政策和各地改革经验材料进行梳理和分析。结果 总结了中国农业水价综合改革的发展历程，分析了影响改革开展的关键因素，梳理了从重工程到重机制的政策变革和相关机制、制度的形成过程，归纳了改革新阶段面临的主要问题和挑战，并提出了政策建议。结论 农业水价综合改革工作取得了重要进展，但受经济发展水平、水资源丰度、节水灌溉工程建设情况等因素影响，地区间改革进度差异显著。改革工作仍面临巨大挑战，需从水价分担、社会参与等方面调整和优化改革政策方案。

Abstract:

The comprehensive reform of agricultural water price is the key to promoting the perfect and sound operation of the farmland water conservancy system. It is also an important measure to change the way of water use in agriculture and promote water saving in agriculture. The theoretic research on the history and obstacles of reform is of great significance for the acceleration in the process. The article collected and analyzed the documents and policies across the country with a comprehensive analysis method combining practice and literature research based on the investigation over years. It summarized the development process of China's comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices, analyzed the key factors affecting the reform, and sorted out the policy changes from heavy engineering to heavy mechanism and the formation process of related mechanisms and systems，summarized the main problems and challenges faced in the new stage of reform, and put forward policy recommendations. In summary, important progress has been made in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices. However, due to factors such as the level of economic development, the abundance of water resources, and the construction of water-saving irrigation projects, the reform progress varies significantly among provinces. Reform work is still facing huge challenges, and reform policies and plans need to be adjusted and optimized in terms of water price sharing and social participation.