陕甘宁地区传统村落空间布局及与乡村振兴的有效衔接

THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES IN SHAAN-GAN-NING AREA AND THEIR EFFECTIVE CONNECTION WITH RURAL REVITALIZATION

关键词:  传统村落  空间分布  乡村振兴  有效衔接  陕甘宁

Key words:  traditional village  spatial distribution  rural revitalization  effective connection  Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia

摘要:

目的 探究陕甘宁地区传统村落的空间分布特征，探寻其与乡村振兴的有效衔接。方法 文章借助ArcGIS10.2软件、Geo Da软件、EXCEL软件，采用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、核密度估算、空间自相关和重心研究模型定量分析了陕甘宁传统村落的空间分布特征；空间重心方法分析三次产业发展趋势。并在此基础上将传统村落分布与人口、经济、交通等区域发展空间数据叠加，寻求其与乡村振兴衔接的有效路径。结果 陕甘宁的传统村落在空间上的分布类型为凝聚型，区域分布极不平衡，主要包括榆林延安的陕北片区和渭南关中片区两大核心集中区，其次为白银市、甘南藏族自治区、陇南天水、铜川咸阳、安康5个低密度分布区；分布特征呈现“核心—边缘型”；分布密度上属于典型的分布稀疏省；陕甘宁传统村落空间分布具有显著的空间自相关性，高高集聚和低低集聚占总数的94.18%；第一产业重心区域间发展趋于平衡，第二、第三产业重心表现为向东北方向集聚趋势。结论 陕甘宁传统村落在市域尺度的分布极不均衡，空间自相关程度显著，依据研究结果可将陕甘宁传统村落区域分为与区域发展吻合较好、与区域发展吻合较差、偏远地区三大类型，并分别从产业、经济、交通、文化、生态等方面与乡村振兴做好衔接。

Abstract:

This research aims to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional villages in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, so as to explore their effective connection with rural revitalization. With the help of ArcGIS 10.2 software, Geo Da software, and EXCEL software, the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, nuclear density estimation, spatial autocorrelation and center of gravity research models were used to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, and spatial gravity method was adapted to analyze the development trend of three industries, then on these bases, the distribution of traditional villages with the spatial data of regional development such as population, economy and transportation was overlaid, so as to find an effective way to connect them with rural revitalization. The results were showed as follows. The spatial distribution of traditional villages in the three provinces(region) of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia was agglomerated type, and the regional distribution was extremely uneven, which mainly included two core concentration areas in the northern Shaanxi area of Yulin, Yan'an and the Guanzhong area of Weinan, followed by 5 low-density distribution areas, including Baiyin city, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous region, Longnan Tianshui, Tongchuan Xianyang, and Ankang, showing the distribution characteristics were "core-peripheral", and the distribution density were typical sparsely distributed provinces. The spatial distribution of traditional villages in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia had significant spatial autocorrelation, and the spatial autocorrelation of high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration accounted for 94.18% of the total. And the development of the primary industry's gravity center tended to be balanced, and the gravity center of the secondary and tertiary industries showed a trend of agglomeration toward the northeast. In summary, the traditional villages in the three provinces(region) of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia are extremely unevenly distributed at the municipal scale, and the degree of spatial autocorrelation is significant. Under the background of rural revitalization, the distribution pattern of traditional villages is not completely consistent with the regional development data, such as economy, population, and transportation. And in addition to other factors, such as the natural conditions, topography, and history, the main reason is that a large number of ordinary villages have not been considered. According to the results of this article, the traditional villages of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia can be divided into different type from industry, economy, and economy. The industry, economics, transportation, culture, ecology and other aspects should be well connected with rural revitalization.