省域视角下耕地自然质量空间格局与影响因素

THE SPATIAL PATTERN AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF CULTIVATED LAND NATURAL QUALITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PROVINCE

关键词:  耕地自然质量  空间格局  1+X模型  地理探测器  山西省

Key words:  natural quality of cultivated land  spatial pattern  1+X model  geographic detector  Shanxi province

摘要:

目的 了解省域尺度耕地自然质量分布特征及影响因素，以期实现耕地质量省级可比，为因地制宜管理和引导耕地可持续利用提供参考。方法 文章采用多因素综合评价模型和1+X模型从4个维度15个测度指标对山西省耕地自然质量进行量化分析并揭示其空间分布机制；运用地理探测器模型探寻其核心影响因素及交互作用。结果 山西省耕地自然质量较差，优等地少而中低等地分布广泛，形成了南高北低，盆地高山地低的空间格局，整体分布与地形及积温分布趋同；因子探测结果表明有效土层厚度、≥10℃积温、年均降雨量、灌溉保证率和高程是影响耕地自然质量空间分异的主要因素，交互探测结果显示各因子交互作用的解释力都强于单因子解释力，进一步解释了耕地自然质量空间分布是多因素综合作用的结果。结论 将反映省级尺度耕地生态环境的指标纳入评价体系，能够纠正传统评价存在的偏差，此外，采用1+X模型进行生态环境系数修正使得评价结果更科学。

Abstract:

Understanding the spatial differentiation and influencing factors of natural quality of cultivated land at provincial scale is of great significance to achieve the provincial-level comparability of cultivated land quality, manage and guide the sustainable use of cultivated land according to local conditions. In this paper, the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model and the 1+X model were used to quantitatively analyze the natural quality of cultivated land in Shanxi province from 4 dimensions and 15 measurement indicators and reveal its spatial distribution mechanism; the geographic detector model was used to explore its core influencing factors and their interaction. The results were indicated as follows. The natural quality of cultivated land in Shanxi province was poor. There were few high-quality lands and a wide range of middle and low lands, forming a spatial pattern of high in the south and low in the north, high in the basin and low in the mountain. The overall distribution was consistent with the distribution of topography and accumulated temperature. And factor detection results showed that the accumulated temperature ≥10℃, elevation, effective soil thickness, average annual rainfall and irrigation guarantee rate were the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of cultivated land natural quality. The interactive detection results showed that the explanatory power of the interaction of each factor was stronger than the single factor, which further explained that the spatial distribution of natural quality of cultivated land was the result of a combination of multiple factors. It concludes that incorporating the indicators reflecting the ecological environment of cultivated land at the provincial scale into the evaluation system can correct the deviations in traditional evaluations. In addition, using the 1+X model to modify the ecological environment coefficient makes the evaluation results more scientific.