规模分化视角下农户有机肥替代化肥意愿及行为分析——基于川渝柑橘主产区果农调查数据的实证

FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS AND BEHAVIOR OF REPLACING CHEMICAL FERTILIZER WITH ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SCALE DIFFERENTIATION * ——BASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF CITRUS FARMERS IN THE MAIN PRODUCTION AREAS OF SICHUAN AND CHONGQING

关键词:  规模分化  有机肥替代化肥  意愿  行为  双变量Probit模型

Key words:  scale differentiation  organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer  willingness  behavior  Bivariate Probit model

摘要:

目的 有机肥替代化肥有利于改善生态环境、提升地力和农产品品质。但实践中不同农户替代意愿及行为差异较大，意愿与行为之间也存在悖离。文章从农户规模分化视角探讨这些现象背后的缘由，并提出有效激励异质性农户替代行为的对策建议。方法 基于有机肥替代化肥技术属性，构建经营规模影响农户替代意愿及行为的分析框架，利用川渝柑橘主产区农户调查数据，运用双变量Probit模型，实证分析不同规模农户替代意愿、行为差异及其关键影响因素。结果 （1）规模分化对替代意愿及行为有显著影响，相较于小农户，规模户替代意愿及行为发生率更高；（2）由于影响因素的差异，农户替代意愿与替代行为存在一定偏差。相较于规模户，小农户替代意愿与行为缺口较大。（3）不同规模农户替代意愿及行为影响因素也存在显著差异。结论 农户规模分化带来的异质性是有机肥替代化肥意愿及行为差异的重要原因，规模户的培育有利于有机肥替代化肥行动的推进。不同规模农户替代意愿及行为影响因素不同，应在充分尊重异质性农户意愿的前提下有针对性地引导其有机肥替代化肥行为。

Abstract:

Replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer is beneficial to the ecological environment, soil fertility and quality of agricultural products. However, in practice, the willingness and behavior of different farmers differ obviously, and there is a contradiction between the willingness and behavior as well. The reasons behind these phenomena from the perspective of farmers' scale differentiation are discussed, and some suggestions to encourage heterogeneous farmers' behavior are put forward in this paper. Based on the technical attribute of replacing chemicals with organic fertilizer, the analysis framework of the effect of scale on farmers' organic fertilizer substitution willingness and behavior was established. Utilize the survey data of citrus farmers in Sichuan and Chongqing province, the Bivariate Probit model was used to empirically analyze the willingness, behavior differences and key influencing factors of organic fertilizer substitution among farmers of different scales. The results were showed as follows. (1) Scale differentiation had a significant impact on the willingness and behavior of substitution, compared with small-scale households, the occurrence rate of substitution of large-scale households was higher. (2) Due to the difference of influencing factors, there was a certain deviation between the farmers' willingness and behavior of substitution. Compared with large-scale households, small-scale households had a larger gap between substitution willingness and behavior. (3) The factors influencing farmers' substitution willingness and behavior differed significantly. In conclusion, heterogeneity caused by the scale differentiation of farmers is an important reason for the different willingness and behavior of substitution. The cultivation and development of large-scale households are conducive to the promotion of organic fertilizer substitution. At the same time, the factors influencing farmers' substitution willingness and behavior differ significantly, therefore, the behavior of substitution should be guided pointedly on the premise of fully respecting the will of heterogeneous farmers.