农村生活污水治理受益农户付费行为分析基于东江源水源地的农户调查

ANALYSIS ON PAYMENT BEHAVIOR OF DOMESTIC SEWAGE TREATMENT BENEFICIARY FARMERSA SURVEY OF FARMERS BASED ON THE WATER SOURCE OF DONGJIANG River

关键词:  农村生活污水治理  污水治理模式  条件价值评估法  Heckman两阶段模型  农户付费行为分析

Key words:  domestic sewage treatment  domestic sewage treatment model  conditional value evaluation method  Heckman model  analysis of farmers' payment behavior

摘要:

目的 分析水源地农村生活污水治理中的农户参与及付费行为。方法 文章运用单边界加支付卡式的改进条件价值评估法（CVM），以东江源水源地500户农户调查微观数据为基础，采用Heckman两阶段模型分析农户付费行为差异及关键因素。结果 （1）不同生活污水治理模式下样本农户同意进入付费情景的概率不同，支付意愿也不同，但差距不大；接入城（集）镇处理管网的农户平均支付意愿为8.55元/（月·户），接入村落集中污水处理设施的农户平均支付意愿为4.42元/（月·户），采用农户分散处理模式的农户平均支付意愿为5.63元/（月·户）。（2）村集体的参与、农户对水环境的感知变量均对农户付费行为有显著影响。其中，在第一阶段中区县变量、河流水质变化的感知、河流水质变化与污水处理关系认知、是否是集中污水处理设施覆盖村、文化程度、是否是村干部变量通过了显著检验，是影响受益农户是否同意付费的关键因素；在第二阶段中区县变量、本村生活污水处理治理成效满意度、收入通过了显著性检验，是影响受益农户支付水平的关键因素。结论 应建立县级可持续的农村生活污水处理设施管护机制，明确污水处理设施管护责任主体，划分各主体职责，可探索推行受益农户适当缴费或出工等生活污水治理管护方式，提高农户自觉参与设施管护的积极性，加强农民对环境感知及认知教育，提升农户对水环境保护的认知水平。

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the participation behavior of rural household sewage treatment in water source area. The improved contingent valuation method (CVM) with single boundary and payment card was used to investigate 500 farmers in the source area of the Dongjiang River, and the Heckman two-stage model was used to analyze the differences and key factors of farmers' payment behavior. The results were showed as follows. Firstly, the probability of the sample farmers agreeing to enter the hypothetical market under different domestic sewage treatment models was different, and the willingness to pay was also different, but the gap was not large, namely, the average willingness to pay of farmers connected to the urban (centralized) town treatment pipe network was 8.55 yuan / month / household, the average willingness to pay of farmers connected to the village centralized sewage treatment facilities was 4.42 yuan / month / household, and the average willingness to pay of farmers adopted the decentralized treatment mode was 5.63 yuan / month / household. Secondly, the participation of the village collective and farmers' perception of water environment had significant effects on farmers' payment behavior. In the first stage, the district variable, perception of changes in river water quality, cognition of the relationship between changes in river water quality and sewage treatment, whether the village was covered by centralized sewage treatment facilities, education level and whether the village cadres passed the significance test, which were the key factors affecting whether the beneficiary farmers agree to pay. In the second stage, the district variable, satisfaction with the effectiveness of domestic sewage treatment in the village, and income passed the significance test, which were the key factors affecting the payment level of farmers. Therefore, a county-level sustainable management and protection mechanism for rural domestic sewage treatment facilities should be established, the main subject of responsibility for the management and protection of sewage treatment facilities should be clarified, and the responsibilities of each main subject should be divided. We suggest that exploring the implementation of domestic sewage treatment management and protection methods such as appropriate payment or work by beneficiary farmers, so as to increase farmers' enthusiasm for consciously participating in facility management and protection, strengthen farmers' environmental perception and cognitive education, and enhance farmers' awareness of water environmental protection level.