草地农业适度规模经营研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON MODERATE SCALE MANAGEMENT OF GRASSLAND-AGRICULTURE

关键词:  农业  草地农业  适度规模经营  研究进展  展望

Key words:  agriculture  grassland- agriculture  moderate scale management  research progress  prospect

摘要:

目的 在国家相关产业政策的支持下，近年来我国草地农业取得了较大发展。为进一步推动草地农业适度规模经营及我国草牧业的可持续发展，文章通过对农业适度规模经营研究的进展系统梳理分析了我国草地农业适度规模经营的发展趋势。方法 采用对比分析法和总结归纳法，对国内外有关农业适度规模经营的理论研究、测度和评价方法研究、典型案例研究进行综述。结果 针对农业适度规模经营的研究较多关注经营面积以及效率的测度，但从实证层面对不同种植类型和主体经营效果进行评价的研究相对较少；草地农业在经营目标、生产管理方式、经济效益实现途径等方面与农业存在显著的差别。但在政策扶持力度、技术与设备的创新化应用、经营主体的培养方面具有一定的共性。结论 对草地农业的适度规模经营研究应重点从以下方面展开：（1）以生态系统服务价值、Odum能值理论和可持续发展理论等为基础，构建草地农业适度规模经营的理论体系。（2）探索草地农业适度规模经营分类原则与标准，制定生态、经济和社会效益耦合协调发展的适度规模经营评价指标体系和方法。（3）建立草地农业与传统农业的耦合协调发展机制。

Abstract:

Recently, through national industrial support policies, China's grassland-agriculture has made significant progress. In order to further promote the moderate-scale management of grassland-agriculture, this study analyzes the development trend of my country's moderate-scale management of grassland-agriculture by systematically combing the research progress of agricultural moderate-scale management. Using comparative analysis method and summary induction method, this study reviewed the theoretical research, evaluation method research and typical case of agricultural moderate scale around the world. The results were showed as follows. The research on the moderate scale of agriculture paid more attention to the measurement of operation area and efficiency, but there were relatively few studies on the evaluation of different planting types and main operation effects from the empirical level. And there were significant differences between objectives, management methods, and the ways to realize benefits and agriculture. However, there were certain commonalities in policy support, the standard of machinery and informatization, and the cultivation of productive type body. In summary, the research on the moderate scale management of grassland-agriculture should focus on the following aspects. (1) Based on ecosystem service value, Odum emergy theory and sustainable development theory, to construct a theoretical system of grassland-agriculture on an appropriate scale. (2) Exploring the classification principles and standards for moderate-scale management of grassland-agriculture, and formulating evaluation index systems and methods for moderate-scale management of the coordinated development of ecological, economic and social benefits. (3) Establishing a coupling and coordinated development mechanism of grassland-agriculture and traditional agriculture.