内蒙古自治区农牧业产业扶贫与生态扶贫耦合协调分析

ANALYSIS ON THE COUPLING AND COORDINATION OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION VIA AGRICULTURAL AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGICAL POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION

关键词:  产业扶贫  生态扶贫  协调发展  精准扶贫  内蒙古

Key words:  poverty alleviation via agricultural and animal husbandry development  ecological poverty alleviation  coordinated development  precision poverty alleviation  Inner Mongolia

摘要:

目的 通过对内蒙古农牧业产业扶贫与生态扶贫耦合协调性和协调路径进行分析，旨在为内蒙古农村牧区在绿色低碳发展方式下巩固脱贫攻坚成果提供可行性的方案。方法 文章通过构建产业扶贫与生态扶贫的耦合关系模型，以2004—2019年为时间维度，进行实证分析和探讨两者耦合发展趋势，并以农牧民人均纯收入为作为衡量扶贫成效的指标，综合分析内蒙古农牧业产业扶贫与生态扶贫的发展路径。结果 从分析结果可以看出，内蒙古农牧业产业扶贫与生态扶贫协调发展关系存在反向耦合和正向耦合两个阶段。2004—2019年内蒙古生态环境和产业发展综合指数稳定提升，且生态环境系统波动性较大，生态建设综合水平高于产业水平；15年内蒙古生态建设和产业发展耦合状态可分为4个阶段，即严重失调阶段（2004—2009年）、中度失调拮抗阶段（2010—2011年）、轻度失调磨合阶段（2012—2015年）、低水平协调阶段（2016—2019年），并对各阶段发展特征和成因进行了深入分析；最后分析了牧民收入与三个产业增加值的灰色关联度，证明了与牧民人均纯收入灰色关联度最大是第一产业，其次是第三产业，第二产业关联性最弱；第一产业关联度基本不变并稍有下降，第二和第三产业在全产业占比逐年递增的情况下，与牧民收入的关联度却逐年下降；第二产业的关联度从2013年开始有所回升。结论 产业扶贫与生态扶贫的双轮驱动是新时代精准扶贫的新模式，二者相结合弥合了消除贫困与保护生态之间的鸿沟，体现出人与自然和谐发展的生态文明理念。二者耦合协调利于把生态文明建设与农村牧区经济发展、农牧业结构调整、农牧民增收紧密结合起来，在守住生态底线的基础上，筑牢内蒙古的发展底线。

Abstract:

Through the analysis of the coupling coordination and coordination path of poverty alleviation via agricultural and animal husbandry development and ecological poverty alleviation, this research aims to provide a reasonable strategy for consolidating the achievement of poverty alleviation under green and low-carbon development in Inner Mongolia. By constructing a coupling relationship model between poverty alleviation via agricultural and animal husbandry development and ecological poverty alleviation, selecting the time dimension from 2004 to 2019, it conducted an empirical analysis and discussed the coupling development trend of the two, took the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen as an indicator to measure the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, and comprehensively analyzed the development path of poverty alleviation in Inner Mongolia. The results were listed as follow. The coordinated development of poverty alleviation via agricultural and animal husbandry development and ecological poverty alleviation in Inner Mongolia had two stages, reverse coupling and positive coupling. From 2004 to 2019, the comprehensive index of ecological environment and agricultural and animal husbandry development had steadily improved in Inner Mongolia. Among them, the ecological environment system was highly volatile, and the comprehensive ecological construction level at this stage was higher than the agricultural and animal husbandry development level. In the past 15 years, ecological construction and agricultural and animal husbandry development had been relatively strongly coupled in Inner Mongolia. According to their coupling status, they could be divided into four stages, namely severe imbalance stage (2004-2009), moderate imbalance and antagonistic stage (2010-2011), and mild imbalance running-in stage (2012-2015), low-level coordination stage (2016-2019). In addition, an in-depth analysis of the development characteristics and causes of each stage was carried out. Finally, the gray correlation degree between herdsmen’s income and the added value of the tertiary industry was analyzed, showing that he primary industry had the largest grey correlation with the per capita net income of herdsmen, followed by the tertiary industry, and the secondary industry had the weakest correlation. During the research period, the correlation degree of the primary industry remained basically unchanged and slightly decreased, when the proportion of the secondary and tertiary industries increased year by year, the correlation between the secondary and tertiary industries and the income of herdsmen decreased year by year, and the relevance of the secondary industry had rebounded since 2013. In summary, the coupling coordination between poverty alleviation via agricultural and animal husbandry development and the ecological poverty alleviation could manufacture Two-wheel driving force, which is a new model of targeted poverty reduction in the new age. They could bridge the gap between poverty alleviation and ecological protection, showing the conception of the ecological civilization that man and nature developed in harmony. The coupling and coordination of the two is conducive to closely combine the construction of ecological civilization with the economic development of rural pastoral areas, the adjustment of agricultural and animal husbandry structure and the increase of farmers' and herdsmen's income, and build a solid development bottom line on the basis of keeping the ecological bottom line for Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.