基于“产—景—村”融合的西安市乡村聚落空间格局分析

ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL PATTERN OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN XI'AN CITY BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF "INDUSTRY, SCENERY AND VILLAGE"

关键词:  产—景—村  融合发展  乡村聚落  空间格局  西安市

Key words:  industry-scenery-village  integrated development  rural settlements  spatial pattern  Xi'an

摘要:

目的 分析西安市乡村聚落空间格局特征，并基于“产—景—村”融合发展背景，探析乡村空间优化。方法 文章对1 905个西安市行政村，通过坐标拾取工具获取各行政村地理坐标，并运用ArcGIS10.2，选取平均最邻近指数和核密度指数分析乡村聚落空间分布特征，同时结合区域发展数据分析并提取乡村聚落产业空间和景观空间元素，结合“产—景—村”发展模式，系统分析西安市乡村聚落发展格局并提出优化措施。结果 （1）西安市乡村聚落空间模式为集聚分布，集聚程度一般；（2）聚落平均分布密度为0.217 9个/km²，整体上呈现出“一核四带、东密西疏、北密南疏”的空间分布特征，且趋向于经济发达区域集中分布；（3）人口空间集聚最大的特征表现为高-高集聚和低-低集聚的模式。西安市经济和人口密度具有明显的城市辐射效应，尤其以西安市辖区、高陵区和长安区的村落发展具有明显的经济、人口和道路优势；（4）而“一核四带”中，又以“四带”优势明显。（5）最后基于“产—景—村”模式下提取出乡村聚落景观要素，并给出相应优化措施。结论 西安市乡村聚落空间格局优化需要以自然环境为优化大格局，通过规划设计使得产业具有景观价值，景观具有产业功能，融合工业和旅游业，打造产业景观点，最终建立乡村生产、生活和生态融合发展的乡村聚落空间，促进乡村聚落“产—景—村”融合发展。

Abstract:

This research aims to analyze the characteristics of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Xi'an, and explore the optimization of rural space based on the background of the integrated development of “industry-scenery-village”. For 1 905 administrative villages in Xi'an, the geographic coordinates of each administrative village were obtained through the coordinate picking tool, and with ArcGIS 10.2, the average nearest neighbor index and nuclear density index were selected to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements, and combined with regional development data, the rural settlement industry space and landscape space elements were analyzed and extracted. Then, combined with the “industry-scenery-village” development model, the development pattern of rural settlements in Xi'an was systematically analyzed and optimization measures were proposed. The results were listed as follows. (1) The spatial pattern of rural settlements in Xi'an was agglomeration distribution, with a moderate degree of agglomeration. (2) The average distribution density of settlements was 0.217 9/km², showing a space of “one core and four zones, dense in the east and sparse in the west, dense in the north and sparse in the south” as a whole, and distribution characteristics tended to be concentrated in economically developed regions. (3) The most obvious feature of the population spatial agglomeration were high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration patterns. The economy and population density of Xi'an had obvious urban radiation effects, especially the development of villages in Xi'an, Gaoling and Chang'an districts had obvious economic, population and road advantages. （4）In the “one core and four belts”, the advantage of the “four belts” was obvious. (5) Based on the “industry- scenery -village” model, the rural settlement landscape elements were extracted, and the corresponding optimization measures were given. In summary, the optimization of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Xi'an requires the natural environment to optimize the overall pattern. Through planning and design, the industry has landscape value and the landscape has industrial functions. It integrates industry and tourism to create industrial landscape points, and finally establishes rural production and life. The rural settlement space developed in harmony with the ecology promotes the integrated development of the “industry -scenery-village” of rural settlements.