减量增效技术的选择性采纳与集成推广策略

SELECTIVE ADOPTION AND INTEGRATED EXTENSION STRATEGY OF FERTILIZER-REDUCING TECHNOLOGIES

关键词:  化肥减量增效技术  集成推广  选择性采纳  禀赋约束  采纳强度  采纳结构

Key words:  fertilizer-reducing technologies  integrated extension  selective adoption  endowment constraints  adoption intensity  adoption structure

摘要:

目的 基于农户“选择性采纳”特征开展减量增效技术的系统集成与打包推广，是降低推广成本、提高推广效率的重要途径。方法 文章运用2017—2018年浙江省638户稻农调研数据，基于列联分析、Order Probit与Multivariate Probit模型，从采纳强度和采纳结构两个方面，分析了农户化肥减量增效技术选择性采纳特征及其影响因素。结果 农户选择性采纳现象十分普遍，且技术属性与资源禀赋共同塑造了选择性采纳特征：（1）采纳强度较低，减肥技术平均采纳强度为1.74项。（2）虽然总体上农户更加偏好资金密集型技术，但采纳结构差异明显，多项减肥技术采纳决策中同时存在替代与互补关系。（3）禀赋约束是决定农户选择性采纳的重要因素，其中劳动力数量、家庭收入等经济禀赋决定了劳动力密集型与资本密集型技术的取舍进而影响了采纳强度与采纳结构，而参与技术培训、加入合作社等社会禀赋则有助于缓解经济禀赋约束。结论 减量增效技术的集成推广应基于农户资源禀赋异质性，制定更为灵活化、差异化的推广方案。

Abstract:

Integration and package extension of fertilizer-reducing technologies according to farmers selective adoption behaviors can reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of extension. Using contingency analysis, order probit and multivariate probit model, this paper analyzed selective adoption behavior and its influencing factors of farmers' fertilizer-reducing technologies from the perspective of technology adoption intensity and structure based on 634 rice rural households survey data in Zhejiang province. The results showed that farmers' selective adoption was general behavior. And technology attributes and resource endowment shaped the characteristics of selective adoption. Firstly, the average adoption intensity of fertilizer-reducing technologies was low with the average of 1.74. Secondly, although farmers preferred capital intensive technology in general, there were obvious differences in adoption structure. There were both substitution and complementarity relationship among fertilize-reducing technologies. Thirdly, endowment constraint was an important factor to determine the selective adoption of farmers. Economic endowments such as the number of labor and family income determined the choice between labor-intensive and capital intensive technologies, and then affected the adoption intensity and adoption structure. Social endowment such as participating in technical training and joining cooperatives helped to alleviate the economic endowment constraints. Therefore, the integrated extension of fertilizer-reducing technologies should formulate a more flexible and differentiated extension scheme based on the heterogeneity of farmers' resource endowment.