不同生计模式下六盘山区易地扶贫搬迁移民生计资本耦合协调研究——以甘肃省古浪县为例

COUPLING COORDINATION RESEARCH AMONG LIVELIHOOD CAPITAL IN LIUPAN MOUNTAIN REGION'S RELOCATED FARMERS OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION UNDER DIFFERENT LIVELIHOOD PATTERNS——A CASE STUDY OF GULANG COUNTY, GANSU PROVINCE

关键词:  易地扶贫搬迁  生计资本  熵权法  耦合协调模型  古浪县

Key words:  relocation for poverty alleviation  livelihood capital  Entropy method  coupling and coordination mode  Gulang county

摘要:

目的 探究易地扶贫搬迁移民的生计耦合协调有助于全面了解移民的生计问题，对提高移民可持续生计能力及后续发展提供参考。方法 文章以甘肃省古浪县易地扶贫搬迁家庭为研究对象，通过2019—2021年实地访谈和问卷调查等方法对移民家庭的生计状况进行调查，选取测度指标并计算各类移民的生计资本值，根据移民收入来源对生计模式进行分类，运用耦合协调度模型分析各生计模式下移民5项生计资本间的关系。结果 （1）生计资本内部耦合水平总体较低，处于低度耦合和失调衰退等级；（2）非农型的生计资本耦合度和协调度最高，分别为0.299和0.230，是最为接近中度耦合和过渡协调阶段的生计模式；（3）两类兼业户的次之，处在（0.15，0.3）的区间内，属于低度耦合和衰退协调的中高级阶段；（4）纯农户的较低，为0.172和0.223，处于低度耦合和协调衰退的中阶段；（5）补贴户的最低，耦合度、协调度均在（0，1）的区间，处在低度弱耦合和恶性失调等级。结论 古浪县不同生计模式下易地扶贫搬迁移民的生计资本存量和差距，导致其耦合协调性较差、差异较大。

Abstract:

Exploring the livelihood coupling coordination of relocated poverty alleviation migrants will help to fully understand the livelihood issues of migrants, and provide reference for improving the sustainable livelihood ability and subsequent development of migrants. This article took the relocated households of poverty alleviation in Gulang county, Gansu province as the research object. The livelihood status of migrant families was investigated through on-site interviews and questionnaire surveys. Measurement indicators were selected and the livelihood capital value of various migrants was calculated. The livelihood patterns were classified according to the income sources of the migrants, and the coupling coordination degree model was used to analyze the relationship among the 5 livelihood capital of the immigrants under each livelihood mode. The results were listed as follows. (1) The level of internal coupling of livelihood capital was generally low, at the level of low coupling and misalignment recession. (2) Non-agricultural type of livelihood capital coupling and coordination were the highest, 0.299 and 0.230 respectively, which were the closest to the moderate coupling and transition coordination stage. (3) The livelihood models of the two types of part-time households was the second, which was in the range of (0.15, 0.3) and belonged to the middle and high-level stage of low coupling and recession coordination. (4) The pure rural households had a lower level of 0.172 and 0.223, which was at the middle stage of low level coupling and coordination. (5) The subsidy households had the lowest degree of coupling and coordination in the range of (0,1), which was in the low-degree weak coupling and malignant imbalance level. It concludes that under the different livelihood patterns in Gulang county, the livelihood capital stock and gap of the relocated poverty alleviation migrants lead to poor coupling coordination and large differences.