川西北高原藏区贫困化地域分异机制研究

STUDY ON THE REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION MECHANISM OF POVERTY IN TIBETAN PLATEAU OF NORTHWEST SICHUAN

关键词:  农村贫困化  地域分异  地理探测器  岷江上游

Key words:  rural poverty  regional differentiation  Geo-detector  upper reaches of Minjiang river

摘要:

目的 川西北高原藏区是贫困人口聚集区和脱贫攻坚的主战场，开展贫困化地域分异机制研究巩固脱贫成果与乡村振兴具有重要的理论意义，然而对贫困化地域分异机制仍然难以准确理解。方法 文章应用地理探测器、空间自相关和GIS空间分析等模型，探究川西北高原藏区贫困化分异的主导因素，揭示影响因素对农村贫困化地域分异和贫困发生率变化的交互影响，确定影响贫困变化的各主要因子适宜特征。结果 （1）农村贫困化的空间分布存在三大热点区域和三小热点区域；高—高聚集（HH）、低—低聚集（LL）、低—高聚集（LH）异常值区域。（2）GDP密度、年降水量、湿润指数、人均耕地、人口密度、总辐射等6个因子是农村贫困化地域分异的主导因子。（3）农村贫困化分异机制差异显著，存在自然制约型、交通制约型、经济制约型和社会制约型等4种类型。（4）各因子之间呈相互增强和非线性增强关系，两种因子的交互作用增强单因子对贫困化的影响，研究揭示的影响贫困发生率各主要因子最适宜特征，有助于更好地理解不同维度因素对贫困发生率影响及其驱动机制，为巩固扶贫成果提供参考依据。结论 川西北高原藏区农村贫困化地域分布是多种因素共同作用的结果，进入后扶贫时代，应当对热点地区、主导因素和不同类型贫困村进行精准施策，加快基础设施建设，发展特色农牧业和旅游业，构建多种产业模式。

Abstract:

The Tibetan Plateau area in Northwest Sichuan is the most poverty-stricken area and the main battlefield of poverty alleviation. It is of great theoretical significance to study the regional differentiation mechanism of poverty alleviation and consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. However, it is still difficult to understand the regional differentiation mechanism of poverty alleviation. Based on the Geo-detector, spatial autocorrelation and GIS spatial analysis, this paper explored the dominant factors of rural poverty differentiation in Tibetan areas of Northwest Sichuan province, revealed the interaction between the influencing factors on the regional differentiation of rural poverty and the change of poverty incidence, and determined the most appropriate characteristics of the main factors affecting the change of poverty. The results were showed as follows. (1) There were three large hot spots and three small hot spots in the spatial distribution of rural poverty, namely, high-high aggregation (HH), low-low aggregation (LL), low-high aggregation (LH) anomaly. (2) GDP density, annual precipitation, humidity index, per capita cultivated land, population density, total radiation and other six factors were the leading factors of regional differentiation of rural poverty. (3) There were four kinds of restriction factors, including natural environment, traffic restriction, economic restriction and social restriction. (4) The interaction of the two factors enhanced the impact of a single factor on the incidence of poverty. The study revealed the most appropriate characteristics of the main factors affecting the incidence of poverty, which helped to better understand the impact of different dimensions of factors on the incidence of poverty and its driving mechanism, and provided reference for consolidating the results of poverty alleviation. Therefore, in the post poverty alleviation era, to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and prevent the phenomenon of returning to poverty, the Tibetan Plateau area in Northwest Sichuan should implement precise policies, build a variety of characteristic industrial models and accelerate economic construction.