| 摘要: |
| 目的 农业水土资源是粮食生产的决定因素，探明京津冀粮食生产中水土资源匹配格局特征对区域经济发展有深远的影响。方法 文章从水足迹的视角出发，分析了1980—2018年京津冀县域5种主要粮食作物（小麦、玉米、稻谷、大豆、薯类）的产量、播种面积、水足迹、耕地面积的时空变化，运用水土匹配系数法及ArcGIS深入研究了1983年、1998年、2003年和2016年水土资源匹配格局，并进一步剖析区域农业水土匹配对农业生产的影响。结果 （1）当前京津冀水土匹配系数区间为［0.02，1.25］，超出区间范围［0.281， 0.431］；粮食生产格局与水土匹配系数空间格局均为“冀中南高、北部低”。（2）研究时段内，京津冀粮食总产量提高1.14倍，播种总面积降低19.28%，粮食单产量显著提高；灌溉提高粮食单产量，水土匹配系数与粮食单产量呈正相关。（3）1980—2019年京津冀5种作物蓝水足迹均值（136.64亿m3）是绿水足迹均值（99.60亿m3）的1.37倍，各作物水足迹变化不同，间接反映地区农业种植结构的改变。（4）京津冀水足迹总量提高2.45倍，耕地总量下降20.59%，水土匹配系数变大，农业水土匹配程度差，间接指示研究区域地下水开发程度高。结论 京津冀县域水土资源匹配存在较大提升空间，应从当地水土资源存在的问题出发，适当调整作物种植结构，关注区域地下水超采等限制农业发展的因素，促进京津冀地区农业水土资源可持续发展。 |
| 关键词: 粮食作物 水足迹 农业生产 匹配格局 京津冀县域 |
| DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20220903 |
| 分类号:F323 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目“白洋淀生态补水对河岸带地下水影响的多元环境同位素示踪研究”（41971037）；天津市自然科学基金资助项目“天津滨海湿地水循环及水环境研究”（15JCQNJC44200） |
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| THE MATCHING PATTERN OF WATER AND SOIL RESOURCES OF FOOD CROPS IN BEIJING-TIANJIN-HEBEI COUNTIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WATER FOOTPRINT |
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Xia Wenxue1,2, Zhang Bing1, He Mingxia1,2, Cui Xu1,2
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1.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Environment and Resources, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;2.College of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
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| Abstract: |
| Agricultural water and land resources are the decisive elements of grain production, and thus exploring the matching pattern of them in grain production in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has a profound impact on regional economic development. From the perspective of water footprint, the spatial-temporal changes in yield, acreage planted, water footprint and cultivation range of five main grain crops in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei county from 1980 to 2018 were investigated, including wheat, corn, rice, soybean and potato, moreover, the matching pattern of water and soil resources in 1983, 1998, 2003 and 2016 were studied in depth by using the water and soil matching coefficient method and ArcGIS, and the impact of regional agricultural water and soil matching on agricultural production was further analyzed. The results showed that: (1) At present, the range of water and soil matching coefficient in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was [0.02, 1.25], exceeded the normal range [0.281, 0.431]; the spatial pattern of grain production pattern and water and soil matching coefficient was "high in middle-south and low in north region". (2) During the study period, the overall grain yield increased by 1.14 times, the total acreage planted decreased by 19.28%, indicating improved the yield of grain per unit area, irrigation also improved the grain yield efficiency. In addition, it could prove that positive correlation was between water-soil matching coefficient and grain yield. (3) From 1980 to 2019, the mean value of blue water footprint for five crops in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 136.64 billion m3, which was 1.37 times higher than the counterpart for green water footprint (9.960 billion m3). The water footprint of different crop varied, which indirectly indicating the change in regional agricultural planting structure. (4) The overall water footprint of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei increased by 2.45 times, while the total cultivated land decreased by 20.59%. The increased coefficient of water and soil matching indicated poor matching between agricultural water and higher exploitation of groundwater. In summary, there is a great space for improvement in the matching of water and soil resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Based on the problems of local water and soil resources, more consideration should be given to crops composition adjustment and the factors that restrict agricultural development such as regional groundwater overexploitation, so as to promote the sustainable development of agricultural water and soil resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. |
| Key words: grain crops virtual water agricultural production matching pattern Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei county area |
