基于样方法开展黄淮海蔬菜主产区地膜残留状况研究

RESEARCH ON THE PLASTIC FILM RESIDUE IN MAIN VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREA OF HUANG HUAI HAI BASED ON SAMPLING METHOD

关键词:  蔬菜  地膜  使用量  残留量  黄淮海地区

Key words:  vegetable  mulch film  usage amount  residue amount  Huang-Huai-Hai region

摘要:

目的 为客观了解黄淮海蔬菜主产区露地蔬菜地膜使用、回收和残留情况。方法 文章选择了有代表性的安徽省和县、河南省扶沟县、山东省寿光市和天津市武清区等地区进行实地调查，并采用样方法开展土壤地膜残留试验研究。结果 4个县（市/区）地膜使用量相差较大，从大到小依次为：寿光市＞武清区＞扶沟县＞和县；覆膜厚度符合国家相关标准的占比较低；地膜回收率相差较大，武清区、寿光市地膜回收理想，分别达到100%和97.16%，和县为71.15%，扶沟县最低，为34.13%；回收的地膜处置方式相似，主要是填埋或废弃；和县、扶沟县和寿光市地膜平均残留量分别为18.10、3.31和1.39 kg/hm²。结论 黄淮海蔬菜主产区的地膜使用量较大，覆膜厚度符合国家相关标准的占比较低，地膜回收率差异大，一些地区回收率不高，回收的地膜以填埋或废弃为主要处置方式，均存在不同程度的地膜残留问题。为加强地膜回收利用和降低残膜污染，需建立健全政府主导、企业参与、农户配合的源头控制、过程管控、末端循环利用等全过程管控机制。

Abstract:

In order to objectively understand the usage, recovery and residue of mulch film in open field vegetables in the main producing areas of the Yellow River, the Huai River and the Haihe River. The paper selected representative areas for field surveys, such as He city of Anhui province, Fugou city of Henan province, Shouguang city of Shandong province and Wuqing district of Tianjin city, and used sampling methods to conduct experimental studies on mulch film residues. The main results showed that four cities (districts) had a large difference in the amount of plastic film used, in descending order, Shouguang city > Wuqing district > Fugou city > He city. The lamination thickness in line with the relevant national standards accounted for a relatively low. Mulch film recovery rate varied widely, with Wuqing district and Shouguang city ideal for mulch film recovery, reaching 100% and 97.16%, respectively, He city was 71.15%, and Fugou city the lowest, at 34.13%. Recycled mulch was disposed of in similar ways, mainly in landfills or discarded. The average residues of mulch film in He city, Fugou city and Shouguang city were 18.10, 3.31 and 1.39 kg/hm², respectively. In summary, the usage of mulch film is relatively large in the main vegetable producing areas of the Yellow River, the Huai River and the Haihe River. The percentage of plastic film thickness that meets the relevant national standards is relatively low. The recovery rate of mulch film varies greatly, and the recycling rate is low in some areas. The recovered mulch film is mainly disposed of in landfills or discarded, and there are different degrees of mulch film residue problems. In order to strengthen the recycling of mulch and reduce residual film pollution, it is necessary to establish and improve the whole process control mechanism, such as source control, process control and end recycling, with government leadership, enterprise participation and farmer cooperation.