中国东部平原耕聚比分布规律、发展趋势与优化策略

THE DISTRIBUTION LAW, DEVELOPMENT TREND AND OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY OF THE “RATIO OF FARMLAND AREA TO RURAL SETTLEMENT AREA” IN THE EASTERN PLAINS OF CHINA

关键词:  中国东部平原  耕聚比  土地整治  乡村空间重构  土地利用规划

Key words:  the eastern plains of China  the ratio of farmland area to rural settlement area  land consolidation  rural spatial reconstruction  land use planning

摘要:

目的 通过对我国东部平原不同地区耕聚比差异、发展趋势与优化策略的研究，为我国东部平原乡村空间重构过程中合理确定生活与生产空间面积比例关系提供研究基础。方法 文章采用空间分层取样法在我国东部平原选择240个10×10 km²的样点，然后以高分辨率遥感影像为数据来源，通过遥感影像目视解译、空间自相关分析、热点分析等多种方法对我国东部平原耕聚比分布规律、不同地区适宜耕聚比进行研究，并基于农业现代化发展规律分析我国东部平原耕聚比发展趋势与优化策略。结果 （1）我国东部平原耕聚比热点区位于东北平原北部，冷点区位于华北平原，中值区位于东北平原南部与长江中下游平原地区；（2）以保证全部耕地可得到充足田间管理所需的农业劳动人口作为适宜耕聚比计算标准，我国东部平原各省份现状耕聚比均未达到适宜耕聚比要求；（3）随着农业生产力水平的提高与农村人口将逐渐向城镇迁移我国东部平原地区耕聚比将呈逐渐上升趋势。高耕聚比即是推进农业现代化的基础，也是农业现代化的结果，两者相辅相成；（4）加快推进农村剩余劳动人口向城镇转移，提高农村人口人均耕地面积，加强农村居民点整治，降低人均村庄建设用地面积是提升我国东部平原耕聚比，加速农业现代化的关键。结论 该研究结论可为农村空间重构过程中确定合理的生活和生产空间面积比例提供依据。

Abstract:

Farmland area to rural settlement area (FLA/RSA) refers to the ratio of farmland area to rural settlement area within a certain rural area, it is an important indicator reflecting the degree of intensive and economical use of rural land, and reasonable FLA/RSA is the basis for the optimization of land use structure in rural areas. Existing study on FLA/RSA is mostly on the local scale, and there is a lack of study on FLA/RSA differences, development trends and optimization strategies in different regions. In this study, we selected 240 sample points in the eastern plains of China (EPC) through spatial stratified sampling, each of which was a square of 10×10 km². Based on high-resolution remote sensing images, through visual interpretation of remote sensing image, spatial autocorrelation analysis, hot spot analysis and other methods, the distribution law of FLA/RSA and the suitable FLA/RSA in the EPC had been studied, and the development trend and optimization strategy of FLA/RSA had been analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) FLA/RSA had significant spatial autocorrelation in the EPC and the hot spot area of FLA/RSA was located in the northern part of Northeastern China plain (NECP), the cold spot area was located in North China plain (NCP), the median area was located in the south of the NECP and middle and lower reaches plain of the Yangtze River (MLPYR). (2) Since the proportion of the elderly, children and other non working population in rural areas of China was relatively high, so taking the agricultural labor population to ensure that all farmland can get sufficient field management as the calculation standard of suitable FLA/RSA, the current FLA/RSA of each province in the eastern plain of China could not meet the requirements of suitable FLA/RSA. (3) Agricultural modernization could promote the transfer of rural population to cities and towns, thus increasing the per capita farmland area in rural areas. Therefore, agricultural modernization would gradually increase FLA/RSA, and the increase of FLA/RSA would further promote the development of modern agriculture. (4) Increase the per capita arable land area of rural population by accelerating the transfer of the surplus rural labor population to cities and towns, reducing the per capita area of rural construction land by strengthening the consolidation of rural settlements is the key to increasing the FLA/RSA in the EPC. So, this study can provide a foundation for the determination of the reasonable proportion of living and production space in the process of rural spatial reconstruction.