福建省耕地生态安全评价及障碍因子分析

ECOLOGICAL SECURITY EVALUATION AND OBSTACLE FACTOR DIAGNOSIS OF THE CULTIVATED LAND IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

关键词:  耕地  压力—状态—响应  生态安全  障碍因子  福建省

Key words:  cultivated land  pressure-state-response (PSR)  ecological security  obstacle factors  Fujian province

摘要:

目的 耕地是维系国家粮食安全的基本保障，掌握耕地生态安全水平规律及其变化，有助于政府实施耕地“三位一体”保护。方法 文章以福建省为研究区，运用“压力—状态—响应（PSR）”模型构建县级尺度指标体系评价2005—2015年3期耕地生态安全水平，而后分别以改善“压力—状态—响应”三大子系统为首要任务划分耕地生态安全保护格局，利用障碍度模型识别限制重点保护区耕地生态安全水平提升的主要障碍因子。指标体系在统计年鉴数据的基础上扩展基于耕地图斑汇总的耕地本底数据源，耕地生态安全水平由耕地生态系统自身健康状态与邻域系统的空间有序性共同决定。结果 （1）2005―2015年全省耕地生态安全状况整体改善，全省耕地生态安全水平总体呈现“东西高中部低”的特点；（2）耕地生态保护压力持续增加，耕地生态安全状态基本稳定，耕地保护响应措施总体有效；（3）以缓解耕地生态保护压力为首要任务，坡度和二三产业比重是主要障碍因子；以提高耕地生态状况为首要任务，应关注斑块面积、坡度和复种指数的限制；以加强耕地保护响应为首要任务，应优先考虑第一产业投资、农业机械单位总功率和环境污染控制投资。结论 研究可对福建省耕地生态安全保护规划提供科学依据和政策建议。

Abstract:

Cultivated land is the basic guarantee to maintain national food security. Understanding the regular pattern of cultivated land ecological security contributes to implementing the "Trinity" protection for the government. Taking Fujian province as the study area, this paper built a county level indicator system by the "Pressure-State-Response (PSR)" model to evaluate the ecological security level of cultivated land in 2005, 2010 and 2015. Subsequently, the protection patterns were divided into three types by taking the improvement of "Pressure, State or Response" subsystem as the primary task. Then the obstacle degree model was adopted to identify the main obstacle factors restricting the improvement of cultivated land ecological security in key protected areas. The cultivated land background data in the indicator system was collected from the traditional statistical yearbook data as well as the cultivated land patches summary. The ecological security level was not only determined by the health status of cultivated land ecosystem itself, but also by the spatial order of the neighborhood system. The conclusions were listed as follows. (1) From 2005 to 2015, the ecological security situation of cultivated land improved in the whole province with the characteristics of “east-west high and middle low”. (2) The pressure of cultivated land ecological protection continued to increase, the state of cultivated land ecological security was basically stable, and the response measures of cultivated land protection were generally effective. (3) If the primary task was to alleviate the pressure of cultivated land ecological protection, the slope and the proportion of the secondary and the tertiary industries were the main obstacle factors. If the primary task was to improve the ecological status of cultivated land, the attention should be paid to the limitations of patch area, slope and multiple cropping indexes. If the primary task was to strengthen the response measures of cultivated land protection, the priority should be given to the investment in the primary industry, the total power per unit of agricultural machinery and the investment in environmental pollution control. In summary, the study can provide scientific basis and policy suggestions for the cultivated land ecological security protection planning in Fujian province.