西部地区农村流动人口土地流转行为的决策逻辑基于推拉理论视角

DECISION-MAKING LOGIC OF LAND TRANSFER FOR RURAL MIGRANTS IN THE WESTERN OF CHINABASED ON A PUSH-PULL THEORY PERSPECTIVE

关键词:  农村流动人口  土地流转  Logistic模型  推拉理论  决策逻辑

Key words:  rural transients  land transfer  Logistic model  push-pull theory  decision-making logic

摘要:

目的 分析农村流动人口土地流转行为的决策逻辑，对于促进土地流转、提高土地利用率、加速农业现代化、加快流动人口市民化、推动城乡一体化具有重要意义。方法 文章基于推拉理论视角，利用2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据，运用Logistic模型并综合实证调研，分析城乡融合发展背景下西部地区农村流动人口土地流转行为的决策因子及决策逻辑。结果 （1）西部地区农村流动人口土地流转比例偏低，仅30.6%的农户发生土地流转行为。未发生土地流转的农户中，将土地闲置或种植林木的比例达21.1%，土地抛荒、非粮化问题较为突出。（2）西部地区农村流动人口兼具“农民”和“市民”双重身份特征，其土地流转行为决策逻辑契合推拉理论，受个人自身特征、流动范围以及流出地、流入地特征“二维四要素”影响。（3）男性、年迈、重视老家风俗习惯、流动空间跨度大、在流出地存在家人照料问题、在流入地面临歧视或存在买房问题的农户，土地流转意愿偏低，而在流入地拥有高收入的农户，土地流转意愿则较高。结论 在诸多决策因子的影响下，农户遵循“乡土情怀维系、基本生存保障和流转风险规避”决策逻辑，对于离土离乡卷入城市化浪潮的农户而言，土地财产功能弱化，情感功能、保障功能凸显。

Abstract:

Analyzing the decision-making logic of rural floating population's land transfer behavior is of great significance for promoting land transfer, improving land utilization, accelerating agricultural modernization, accelerating the urbanization of floating population, and promoting the integration of urban and rural areas. Based on a push-pull theory perspective, this paper used the data from the 2017 China Mobility Dynamics Monitoring Survey, and analyzed the decision-making factors and decision-making logic of land transfer among rural migrants in the western of China in the context of integrated urban-rural development by adopting a logistics model and comprehensive interview transcripts. The results were listed as follows. (1) The proportion of land transfer for rural migrants in the western of China was low, with only 30.6% of farm households experiencing land transfer. The proportion of farmers who left their land idle or planted forestry trees among those whose land transfer did not take place was 21.1%, and the problem of land abandonment and non-grain was prominent. (2) The rural migrant population in the western of China had the dual identity of "farmer" and "citizen". Their decision to transfer land was influenced by a number of factors, including their own characteristics, the extent of their mobility and the characteristics of the outflow and inflow areas.(3) The willingness to transfer land was low among farmers who were male, old, valued old family customs, having a large spatial mobility span, having family care problems in outflow areas, facing discrimination in inflow areas or having problems in buying a house, while the willingness to transfer land was higher among farmers with high incomes in inflow areas. In conclusion, under the influence of a number of decision-making factors, farmers follow a decision-making logic of "local sentiment, basic subsistence and transfer risk avoidance". For farmers who leave their hometowns to become involved in the wave of labour, the property function of the land is weakened and the emotional and security functions come to the fore.