世界范围内民宿内涵的演变及对我国民宿发展的启示

THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONNOTATION OF HOMESTAYS WORLDWIDE AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOMESTAYS IN CHINA

关键词:  民宿内涵  发展演变  文旅融合  借鉴启示  乡村旅游

Key words:  connotation of homestay  development and evolution  integration of cultural and tourism  reference and enlightenment  rural tourism

摘要:

目的 通过对国内外民宿的兴起、概念、发展历程与演化的梳理和总结，揭示民宿发展的内在逻辑、特征和规律，探讨对中国民宿发展的启示，为同行研究和民宿的高质量发展提供一定的借鉴。方法 文章采用文献综述法、调查访谈法和综合分析法，对民宿演化特征和发展规律进行归纳总结和比较分析。结果 （1）民宿兴起于农户增收的动机，实质是为游客提供自然风光、乡土文化和居家氛围等体验的小型住宿设施，国内外民宿发展历程相似，但所处阶段不同。（2）国外民宿发展早，进入稳定提升阶段，而国内民宿发展晚但速度快，问题比较突出，处于整合转型期。（3）各国民宿经过长期的发展，在形式、规模、服务对象、经营方式、价格、特色等方面既具有共性，又形成了各自的风格，并呈现出民宿服务功能复合化、经营主体多元化、主客关系多重化、民宿产业不断壮大的演化特征。结论 借鉴国外民宿发展模式、制度保障和运行机制的成功做法，提出4点启示：重视民宿法律法规的制定和政策体系建设，营造良好的民宿持续发展环境；探索民宿发展规律，创新民宿发展模式，建设具有地域文化特色的民宿；强化人才支撑，做好客户经营，提升民宿产品与服务质量；科学规划设计民宿村镇，促进民宿集聚式与集群化发展。

Abstract:

This study reveals the development logic, characteristics and laws of homestay and discusses its enlightenment for Chinese homestay development through summarizing the rise, concept, development process and evolution of homestay at home and abroad, which may provide some reference for peer research and the high-quality development of homestay. By using several methods such as literature review, survey/interview and comprehensive analysis, the evolution characteristics and development laws of homestay were summarized and comparatively analyzed. The conclusions were drawn as follows. Domestic and foreign homestays were similar in the origin, essence and development process. Both stemmed from local farmers’ livelihood strategy for increase their incomes and essences could be understood as a small accommodation facility that provided tourists with experiences such as natural scenery, local culture and home atmosphere. Foreign homestays developed earlier and entered a steady stage, while the development of domestic homestays was relatively late, but the speed was fast. It was in the period of integration and transformation with more prominent problems. After long-term development, homestays in various countries shared commonalities in the form, scale, service object, business pattern, price, and characteristic, and also formed their own styles. It presented homestays' evolutionary characteristics of complex service functions, diversified business entities, multiple host-guest relationships, and continuous growth of the homestay industry. Finally, based on the successful practices of foreign homestay development models, institutional guarantees and operating mechanisms, four inspirations for the development of domestic homestays are proposed. We should enhance the constructions of homestay laws, regulations and the policy systems, and establish a good environment for the sustainable development of homestays, and we also need to explore the laws of homestay development, innovate homestay development models, and build homestays with regional cultural characteristics; furthermore, we should strengthen talent support, develop customer-oriented management, and improve the quality of homestay products and services; and finally, we should scientifically plan and design homestay villages and towns to promote the agglomeration and cluster development of homestays.