现代农业产业园联农带农效应及其区域差异研究——基于114个国家现代农业产业园的实证分析

RESEARCH ON THE LEVEL OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF FARMERS DRIVEN IN MODERN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIAL PARKSEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON 114 PARKS IN CHINA

关键词:  现代农业产业园  联农带农  效应水平  区域差异  加权TOPSIS法

Key words:  Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks  farmer-driven role  effect level  regional differences  weighted TOPSIS method

摘要:

目的 以农为本，完善并创新新型经营主体与农民的利益联结模式，带动农民持续增收是规划和创建现代农业产业园的根本宗旨。因此，探讨明晰现代农业产业园联农带农效应水平和区域差异，对制定产业园发展新思路、新举措具有重要意义。方法 文章在探讨现代农业产业园联农带农机制基础上，结合数据可得性，从就业效应、增收效应和组织效应3个维度构建了现代农业产业园联农带农效应水平指标体系，利用加权TOPSIS分析方法生成表征联农带农效应水平的综合指数，并进行实证分析。结果 （1）国家现代农业产业园建设对区域农业增长、农户增收的带动作用初步显现，国家现代农业产业园联农带农效应水平在0.03~0.53，总体偏低。（2）联农带农综合水平前10名国家现代农业产业园的就业和增收带动贡献突出。联农带农效应平均水平为0.430 1，在带动农户就业人数、农户增收水平，龙头企业等新型经营主体的数量上高于其他产业园及全国平均水平。（3）国家现代农业产业园联农带农效应水平地区差距较大。其中，福建省、湖北省、湖南省、黑龙江省和广东省的国家现代农业产业园联农带农效果相对较好，华南区、东北区、西南区和长江中下游区的国家现代农业产业园联农带农水平总体较高。结论 国家现代农业产业园联农带农效应的地域差异大，与园区新型经营主体培育、运行机制与政策和经济环境等因素紧密相关；未来发展要因地制宜，精准设计推进路线与机制，一园一业，一园一策；不断创新完善园区农户利益联结机制，全面提升功能，进一步释放联农带农潜力，拓展增收渠道，持续增加农户收入。

Abstract:

The fundamental purpose of developing Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks is to achieve sustainable farmers’ income growth with the help of a variety of subjects such as agricultural enterprises and cooperatives. Therefore, we need to research the ability and regional differences of Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks to drive farmers to increase their income. On the basis of understanding the overall level of Parks development, we further analyze the stage effectiveness and shortcomings of the construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks. It will play an important role in formulating future policies. In this article, we first analyzed the rationale for increasing the income of farmers in Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks. Secondly, we established a system of indicators in 3 aspects, the ability to drive employment, the ability to increase income and the ability to organize. Finally, we calculated the composite score of driving farmers' income by using a Weighted TOPSIS method. Thus, we analyzed the regional differences of the farmer-driven role and provided policy recommendations for the development of Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks in China. The results of the study were listed as follows. (1) The effect of the development of National Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks on regional agricultural growth and farmers' income was gradually obvious. The composite score was between 0.03~0.53. However, the effect was still lower. (2) The ability of the top 10 National Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks’ farmer-driven role had outstanding contributions to the employment and income increase of farm households. The composite score was 0.4301, which was higher than other Industrial Parks and the national average in the farmers' employment, the level of farmers' income, the number of leading enterprises and cooperatives. (3) In addition, our study also found large regional differences in farmer-driven capacity of National Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks. Among them, the Parks in Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Heilongjiang and Guangdong had a higher score. The farmer-driven effect of the Southern China, Northeastern China, Southwest China and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River was at the forefront of other administrative regions. In summary, such differences are closely related to the operating entities of each Parks, the formulation of policies and economic situation. In the future, Chinese government needs to combine the actual situation of each place and design different policies for different types of National Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks according to the development of each region. The National Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks should improve the interest relationship with farmers, and this is a key to sustainably increasing farmers' income.