传统村落活态化发展水平评估研究——以陕西省为例

EVALUATION ON THE LEVEL OF ACTIVATION DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGES——A CASE STUDY OF SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  活态化发展水平  传统村落  评价模型  IPA分析  陕西省

Key words:  the level of activation development  traditional village  evaluation model  IPA analysis  Shaanxi province

摘要:

目的 乡村振兴背景下，全面系统地评价传统村落的活态化发展水平，对于理解和实施乡村可持续发展战略，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。方法 文章基于“活态化发展”概念内涵，构建了包含生产系统、生活系统、生态系统、发展条件、发展潜力5个维度的发展评价模型，并运用加权求和、变异系数、核密度、IPA分析等技术方法对陕西省113座国家级传统村落的活态化发展水平进行综合测评。结果 验证研究显示出评价模型客观有效，具有较强的普适性。结果显示：（1）陕西省国家级传统村落的活态化发展水平总体呈正态分布，其中43.36%的村落属于活态化发展一般型；（2）维度评析，5个维度中生活系统和发展条件的评价质量较为良好，而其他维度的情况不容乐观；（3）密度分析，显示出陕西省榆林市和渭南市区域中的传统村落活态化发展水平聚集程度较高，形成省域双峰空间结构；（4）空间评析，受多种因素交互影响，关中、陕南和陕北不同区域的传统村落活态化发展水平呈现出显著差异。结论 当前陕西省大多数传统村落活态化发展水平一般，未来需要持续提升生产、生态和发展潜力等维度的重要价值的呈现与溢出效应，建议结合优势区、机会区、脆弱区和改善区的具体问题制定针对性的保护发展策略。

Abstract:

In the context of rural revitalization, a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the level of activation development of traditional villages is of great theoretical value and practical significance to understand and implement the sustainable rural development strategies. Based on the concept of “activation development”, this paper constructed a development evaluation model of five dimensions: production system, living system, ecosystem, development conditions and development potential, and besides, with weighted summation, coefficient of variation, kernel density, IPA analysis, the paper made a comprehensive assessment of the level of the activation development of 113 national traditional villages in Shaanxi province. The validation study proved the objectivity, effectiveness and high generality of the evaluation model. The results showed that: (1) The overall level of the activation development of the national traditional villages in Shaanxi province was normally distributed, and the activation development of 43.36% of the villages were of a mediocre type. (2) Dimensional analysis showed that, in the five dimensions, the two of living system and development conditions were of relatively high quality while the situation of the other three allowed more room for improvement. (3) Density analysis showed that the traditional villages in Yulin city and Weinan city of Shaanxi province had a high degree of aggregation and their activation development was at a relatively high level, thus forming a provincial bimodal spatial structure. (4) Spatial analysis showed that, due to the interaction of various factors, the activation development levels of the traditional villages in different regions of Guanzhong, Southern and Northern Shaanxi demonstrated significant differences. In summary, as the current activation development of most traditional villages in Shaanxi province is at a mediocre level and the presentation and spillover effects of the important values in the dimensions of production system, ecosystem and development potential need to be continuously improved, it is suggested that targeted strategies for protection and development should be formulated, combined with specific problems in the dominant areas, opportunity areas, vulnerable areas and improvement areas, respectively.