基于CLDAS内蒙古日光温室低温风险指数及灾害风险区划研究

RESEARCH OF THE RISK INDEX AND THE RISK ZONES OF LOW TEMPERATURE OF SOLAR GREENHOUSE IN THE INNER MONGOLIA BASED ON CLDAS

关键词:  日光温室  CLDAS  风险区划  低温灾害  内蒙古

Key words:  solar greenhouse  China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS, risk zones of disaster  low temperature damage  Inner Mongolia

摘要:

目的 低温冷害是影响北方日光温室生产的主要气象灾害，为提高投资回报率和节能减排，需精细化建立内蒙古日光温室低温风险指数和揭示日光温室低温灾害空间分布特征。方法 文章通过不同类型日光温室内观测的气温数据与国家站气温数据建立日光温室最低气温预报模型。根据日光温室内种植果菜和叶菜的生长条件需求划定气象指标，使用CLDAS气温数据，建立内蒙古砖墙体和厚墙体两种类型日光温室分别种植果菜和叶菜的低温灾害风险指数模型并制作灾害风险区划。结果 砖墙体和厚墙体种植果菜和叶菜的低风险区主要分布在内蒙古西部偏西地区，约占全区面积8.2%～21.2%；较低风险区主要分布在西部偏东和中部偏西地区，约占全区面积20.0%～29.0%；中、高风险区主要分布在内蒙古中部偏东及以东地区，约占全区面积的55.3%以上。结论 在保证生产和兼顾成本的前提下，西部大部农区适宜建造砖墙体日光温室，中部及东部偏南以建造厚墙体日光温室为主，东部区建造日光温室需加强保温措施、选择耐寒作物或者冬季间断生产。

Abstract:

In the north of China, low temperature and cold damage is the most important meteorological disaster that affects the agricultural production of solar greenhouses. In order to improve the return on investment and energy conservation and emission reduction, it is necessary to establish a refined low temperature risk index of solar greenhouses, and to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of low temperature disasters in Inner Mongolia solar greenhouses. In this study, the temperature data observed in different types of solar greenhouses and the temperature data of the National Weather Station were used to establish a minimum temperature forecast model of solar greenhouses. Meteorological indicators were defined according to the conditions required for the growth of fruit vegetables and leafy vegetables in the solar greenhouse. Using the temperature data of China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS), low temperature disaster risk index models for planting fruit vegetables and leafy vegetables in two types of solar greenhouses (brick walls and thick walls) were established, and disaster risk zones for solar greenhouses in Inner Mongolia were made. The results showed that the lowest risk areas where fruit vegetables and leafy vegetables were grown on brick walls and thick walls were mainly distributed in the western part of Inner Mongolia, accounting for about 8.2% to 21.2% of the total area. The lower risk areas were mainly distributed in the east-west and central-west regions, accounting for about 20.0% to 29.0% of the total area. The medium and high risk areas were mainly distributed in the east and east of central Inner Mongolia, accounting for more than 55.3% of the total area. In summary, on the premise of considering continuous production and cost saving, most agricultural areas in the west should build solar greenhouses with brick walls; in the central and south-eastern regions, solar greenhouses with thick walls should be built; where solar greenhouses are built in the eastern region, it is necessary to strengthen thermal insulation measures, select cold-resistant crops or interrupt production in winter.