陕北黄土高原生态脆弱区土地利用时空演变

SPATIOTEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF LAND USE IN ECOLOGICALLY FRAGILE AREAS OF THE LOESS PLATEAU IN NORTHERN SHAANXI

关键词:  土地利用  格局演变  时空格局  陕北  黄土高原

Key words:  land use  pattern evolution  spatio-temporal pattern  Northern Shaanxi  the Loess Plateau

摘要:

目的 研究典型生态脆弱区——陕北黄土高原土地利用演变的时空格局演变与区域差异，摸清该区域国土空间开发利用状况，为国土空间管控和治理提供参考。方法 文章基于“三生”空间理论，通过对1980年、2000年和2020年土地利用进行分类和赋值，从分布格局和变化趋势两个方面分析该区域土地利用空间演变格局。结果 （1）陕北黄土高原生产空间主要分布在中部黄土丘陵沟壑区，生活空间分散地分布于南部和西部区域，生态空间分布格局整体呈南高北低态势。（2）1980—2000年土地利用格局变化远小于2000—2020年，其中1980—2000年生产空间扩张和缩小分散相间分布，生活空间仅出现零星扩张点，生态空间基本不变；2000—2020年生产空间变化以小范围内小规模集中为特点，生活空间得到扩张，分布更集中，生态空间扩张主要集中在省域边界的西北沿线一带。（3）1980—2020年陕北各县/市区的“三生”空间演变各不相同，“三生”空间区域差异总体呈现：生态空间>生活空间>生产空间，变化趋势表现为生产、生活空间差距扩大，生态空间变化大。结论 （1）陕北黄土高原土地利用变化主要源于2000年以来的退耕还林政策，变化以小规模为主，其次是工业区和道路建设和农村居民点的增加；土地利用变化整体表现为生产空间被生态空间、生活空间挤压。（2）继续把生态空间放到首要地位，如通过对产业调整、集聚升级等方式维持或继续增加生态空间，同时减少生态空间内部人类活动，缓解社会发展与生态脆弱性之间的矛盾。（3）结合环境承载力、生态脆弱性、以及经济发展水平等因素，科学规划“三生”空间，划定边界，加强管理和监督，重视县/市区的“三生”空间规划和管理监督工作，西北草原农牧交错带和南部中线位置，应以集约利用为方向，南部低山丘陵区首要任务要保持此区域的生态空间稳定。

Abstract:

This research aims to study the spatio-temporal pattern of ecological and ecological spatial evolution in the loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi province, a typical ecologically fragile region, and find out the status of land space development and utilization in this region, so as to provide references for land space control and governance. Based on the “production-living-ecological” space theroy, the spatial and temporal patterns of production-living-ecological space evolution in 1980, 2000 and 2020 were analyzed from two aspects: distribution pattern and change trend. Then, with the help of Theil index, and combined with GDP and population factors, the 25 counties/urban areas of the study area of production-living-ecological space change trend and regional differences was analyzed. The results were showed as follows. The production space was mainly distributed in the central loess hilly-gully region, while the living space was distributed in the south and west regions. The ecological spatial distribution pattern was high in the south and low in the north. The change of production-living-ecological spatial pattern from 1980 to 2000 was much smaller than that from 2000 to 2020. In 1980 to 2000, the expansion and contraction of production-living-ecological spatial pattern were distributed in different phases, while the expansion of living spatial pattern was sporadic, and the ecological spatial pattern remained unchanged. The change of production space from 2000 to 2020 was characterized by small-scale concentration in a small area. Living space expanded and distribution became more concentrated. Ecological space expansion was mainly concentrated along the northwest border of the province. From 1980 to 2020, the evolution of production-living-ecological space of each county/urban area in northern Shaanxi was different. The regional difference of production-living-ecological space presented as follows: ecological space > living space > production space. The change trend showed that the gap between production and living space widened, and the ecological space changed greatly, but the regional difference tended to balance as a whole. In summary, the change of production-living-ecological space in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi is mainly due to the policy of returning farmland to forest since 2000, and the change is mainly small-scale, followed by the increase of industrial zone, road construction and rural residential land. Finally, combined with the conclusion of this paper, it is proposed that ecological space should continue to be put in the primary position, such as maintaining or increasing ecological space through industrial adjustment, agglomeration and upgrading, while reducing human activities in ecological space and alleviating the contradiction between social development and ecological vulnerability. In combination with factors such as environmental carrying capacity, ecological vulnerability, and economic development level, scientifically plan the three living spaces, delimit boundaries, strengthen management and supervision, and pay attention to the planning, management and supervision of the three living spaces of counties / urban areas. The location of the northwest grassland farming pastoral ecotone and the southern middle line should be oriented towards intensive utilization, and the primary task of the southern low mountain and hilly area is to maintain the stability of the ecological space of this area.